Computing for Social Needs Jennifer Mankoff UC Berkeley
Inspiration in the World: Finding the Right Combination Hard, real problems Hard HCI problems Low intuition about users Success hard to test Technology not always a good solution Hard computer science problems
Examples Word prediction (+ & -) Augmented canes (+ & -)
Outline Approaches to research in computing for social needs (CSN) Example: Design Example: Method Example: Tool Conclusions
Approaches To Research in CSN Design: For users Method: For designers/evaluators Tool: For programmers/designers
Approaches To Research in CSN Design: For users Identify need Investigate solutions Prototype, test & iterate Method: For designers/evaluators Tool: For programmers/designers
Approaches To Research in CSN Design: For users Method: For designers/evaluators Identify model or theory Test against circumstances or population Iterate Tool: For programmers/designers
Approaches To Research in CSN Design: For users Method: For designers/evaluators Tool: For programmers/designers Identify repeating need or use of technology Abstract out Test for reusability
Outline Approaches to research in computing for social needs (CSN) Example: Design Example: Method Example: Tool Conclusions
Design Example: Nutrition Need: Healthier diets Assumptions Idea: Keep track of purchases, display advice
Design Example: Nutrition Need: Healthier diets Manage disease America’s weight problem Manage child health Assumptions Idea: Keep track of purchases, display advice
Design Example: Nutrition Need: Healthier diets Assumptions People don’t really know what they consume Receipts contain enough information for us to estimate nutrition Idea: Keep track of purchases, display advice
Design Example: Nutrition Need: Healthier diets Assumptions Idea: Keep track of purchases, display advice
Nutrition: Hard HCI Problems Formative evaluation: testing perception Interface design Summative evaluation in real-use setting
Nutrition: Formative Eval Survey shoppers Background research
Nutrition: Formative Eval Survey shoppers Perceived calcium consumption Perceived need for supplements Calcium consumption in receipts Background research
Nutrition: Formative Eval Survey shoppers Background research Use of shopping receipts in bookkeeping Interest in nutrition % of time eating out Impact of coupons, advice on shopping behavior
Nutrition: Hard HCI Problems Formative evaluation: testing perception Interface design While at home Continual Peripheral While shopping While entering data Summative evaluation in real-use setting “Was that ‘Apple cider’ Or ‘Apple scraper’
Nutrition: Hard HCI Problems Formative evaluation: testing perception Interface design Summative evaluation in real-use setting Measures change in awareness Measures change in behavior
Nutrition: Hard Computer Science Problems Recognition OCR Who eats what Quantities, ingredients Ambiguity
Nutrition: Hard Computer Science Problems Recognition OCR Who eats what Quantities, ingredients Ambiguity
Nutrition: Hard Computer Science Problems Recognition Ambiguity Resolving imperfect recognition automatically Resolving imperfect recognition with user’s help
Outline Approaches to research in computing for social needs (CSN) Example: Design Example: Method Example: Tool Conclusions
Method Example: Comparative Accessibility Need: Increased accessibility in all interfaces Assumptions Idea: Develop metrics for interpreting simulated testing results
Method Example: Comparative Accessibility Need: Increased accessibility in all interfaces More inclusive Increase quality of life Assumptions Idea: Develop metrics for interpreting simulated testing results
Method Example: Comparative Accessibility Need: Increased accessibility in all interfaces Assumptions Can’t test every interface with every type of disability Can simulate disability sufficiently for testing Idea: Develop metrics for interpreting simulated testing results
Method Example: Comparative Accessibility Need: Increased accessibility in all interfaces Assumptions Idea: Develop metrics for interpreting simulated testing results
Comparative Accessibility: Hard HCI Problems Can a novice simulating disability give feedback on an interface designed for experts in that disability? How should heuristics include accessibility? How do disabilities impact GOMS models? How do disabilities impact Fitts’ law?
Outline Approaches to research in computing for social needs (CSN) Example: Design Example: Method Example: Tool Conclusions
Tool Example: Mouse predictions Need: Access to any application Assumptions Idea: Recognize problems, predict targets, and use that to make the mouse do the right thing
Tool Example: Mouse predictions Need: Access to any application Equal access Increased independence Assumptions Idea: Recognize problems, predict targets, and use that to make the mouse do the right thing
Tool Example: Mouse predictions Need: Access to any application Assumptions Low vision or motor impairment No access to application code Access to OS (e.g. app can be installed) Idea: Recognize problems, predict targets, and use that to make the mouse do the right thing
Tool Example: Mouse predictions Need: Access to any application Assumptions Idea: Recognize problems, predict targets, and use that to make the mouse do the right thing.
Mouse predictions: Hard HCI problems Existing motion models only account for averages Existing user models inaccurate UI for compensation unclear
Mouse predictions: Hard HCI problems Existing motion models only account for averages Minimum jerk model: X(t) = X 0 + (X 0 – X f ) (15 3 ) Fitts’ law: MT = a + b log(A/W) Existing user models inaccurate UI for compensation unclear
Mouse predictions: Hard HCI problems Existing motion models only account for averages Existing user models inaccurate KLM extra cognitive cycles No model of fatigue UI for compensation unclear
Mouse Prediction: Other Models Velocity Thrashing ( = target) Spasming Overshooting Other characteristics?
Mouse predictions: Hard HCI problems Existing motion models only account for averages Existing user models inaccurate UI for compensation unclear “Beat Fitts’ law” Feedback affects recognition
Mouse Predictions – UIs for Compensation Gravity wells and area mouse Mediation
Mouse Predictions: Hard Computer Science Problems Recognition Account for feedback Account for fatigue Ambiguity Better interfaces for multiple targets? Interface for multiple directions? Appropriate balance of control and automation
Outline Approaches to research in computing for social needs (CSN) Example: Design Example: Method Example: Tool Conclusions
Conclusions Plenty of hard real problems Plenty of hard HCI problems Plenty of hard computer science problems Research needed in designs, methods & tools
Thank You For More Information:
Tool Example: Reconstruction of Mismatched Interfaces Need: Adaptation to any set of input devices