Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Objectives Section 5: Europe Encounters America Describe Viking and Spanish explorations of North America.  Summarize Columbus’s journeys and their impact on Native Americans and Europeans.

Thought for the day ► There are almost 950 million people in the Americas. (North, South, and Central America). ► Why does nearly 70% of that population speak Spanish?

The Discovery of America

Christopher Columbus ► Born in Italy ► Did not sail to prove the world was round ► Leif Ericsson and Vikings occupy America ► Believes he can get to Asia faster going west ► Monarchs won’t support him (Tries for 8 yrs) ► Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain finance the voyage ► Columbus will become governor, viceroy, and admiral of all lands claimed

Christopher Columbus

Who were the first Europeans to explore the Americas? The Vikings were the first Europeans to explore the Americas. The Vikings Arrive in America Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. (pages 38–39) (cont.)

Spain, 1492 Christopher Columbus proudly carried the Spanish banner of Castile and Leon to the shores of the Bahamas. The flag’s castle represented Queen Isabella. The lion symbolized her husband, King Ferdinand. The current Spanish flag incorporates the coat of arms that includes the castle and lion symbols.

Reasons for Columbus’ voyage ► Fame and riches ► Convert people to Catholicism ► Trade route to Asia ► Advantage over Portugal

August 3, 1492 ► Nina, Pinta, & Santa Maria set sail for Asia ► Begin to run out of food ► Land further than expected Land further than expected Land further than expected ► October 12, the Pinta spots land ► San Salvador ► Natives bring gifts ► Calls them “indians” ► Travels to other islands ► Makes several trips back (3) found little gold, no spices and no clear way to Asia ► dies never believing he had discovered a New World

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What did Columbus discover on his voyages to the Americas? He landed in the Bahamas, probably on what is today San Salvador Island. He discovered the Taino people. Columbus found the islands of Cuba and Hispaniola. He returned to Spain with gold, parrots, spices, and Native Americans. Columbus studied the Orinoco River in South America and mapped the American coastline from Guatemala to Panama. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. (pages 39–41) Spain Sends Columbus West (cont.)

Amerigo Vespucci ► Travels to the Caribbean ► Believes it is a New World ► German mapmaker calls the land America

Amerigo Vespucci

The Treaty of Tordesillas ► Urged by Pope Alexander VI ► To prevent conflict ► Draw a line of demarcation ► Spain controls west of the line ► Portugal controls east of the line

How was Spain able to officially claim the Americas? The Treaty of Tordesillas gave Spain the right to claim the new lands of the Americas, except for Brazil. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Spain Claims America (cont.) (pages 41–43)

Spanish Explorers of the early 1500s

1. Ponce de Leon (1513) ► Looking for fountain of youth ► Explores and names Florida

Ponce de Leon explored Florida

2. Vasco de Balboa (1513) ► 1 st Eur. to see the Pacific Ocean from America (Panama)

Balboa saw Pacific Ocean by crossing Panama

Ferdinand Magellan (1520) ► From Portugal ► Names the Pacific Ocean ► 99 days without food and water ► Killed in the Philippines ► After 3yrs- Crew becomes the 1 st to circumnavigate the world

Ferdinand Magellan

The Columbian Exchange ► The exchange between Native Americans and Europeans as a result of Columbus’ discovery ► Natives- crops like corn, tobacco, and potatos ► Eur.- Wheat, oats, livestock and technology ► Diseases kill millions (typhus, measles, smallpox)

Native Americans taught the Europeans local farming methods and introduced them to new crops and foods. Europeans also adapted many devices invented by the Indians. The Europeans introduced the Native Americans to many crops and to domestic livestock. The Europeans introduced the Native Americans to technologies. Europeans brought diseases that killed millions of Native Americans because they lacked immunity to the diseases. What kinds of interchanges were part of the Columbian Exchange? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Columbian Exchange (cont.) (pages 43–44)

The Impact Today The convergence of the world’s cultures in the 1400s launched an era of change that still affects our lives today.  Many of our foods, customs, and traditions were originally introduced in the Americas as a result of this cultural contact.  Contact among the cultures of the three continents profoundly changed the society of each.  American society today includes elements of Native American, European, and African cultures. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.