Brainstorm a list of factors that cause people to behave differently. Personality Experiences Heredity Environment Friends/Family Society

WHY DO CELLS BEHAVE DIFFERENTLY?CELLS

The combination of chemicals that form substances. “ingredients” “what an object is COMPOSED of”

Smallest unit of matter known. Composed of protons, neutron, electrons 100 million atoms lined up in a row = one centimeter

A pure substance that consists of entirely one type of atom Represented by letters or symbols Approximately two dozen are found in living things

In total, 117 elements have been observed as of 2009, of which 98 occur naturally on Earth.

Examples of elements Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon Hydrogen Sodium Chlorine Potassium Sulfur O H C Na S N K Cl

Atomic number : # of protons There are an equal number of electrons as protons Atomic Mass: # of protons + # of neutrons

Substances that are formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements Most abundant compound on Earth is ___________ water

Elements have very different properties “actions/appearances” than the compounds that they form. H = Hydrogen = gas O = Oxygen = gas H 2 O = water = liquid

Are expressed through formulas 1.Chemical formulas 2.Structural formulas C 12 H 22 O 11 C 6 H 12 O 6

How do compounds differ? C 6 H 12 O 6 H2OH2O

The attraction of atoms that cause element to form compounds

A. COVALENTB. IONIC  Sharing of electrons  Attraction between two opposites (charged atoms)

There are two categories of compounds: Organic Inorganic

chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon and hydrogen Found in all living things Examples C 6 H ( SUGAR) CH 4 (Methane)

 Carbohydrates  Lipid (fats)  Nucleic acids  Proteins

Is any member of a large class of chemical compounds of molecules that contain earths elements Not capable of creating life, no combination makes life Examples NaCl H 2 O CO 2

Compounds Organic Inorganic Contains Carbon & Hydrogen always together! Example: C 6 H 12 O 6 glucose (sugar) Contains the earth’s element Example: H 2 O water

1. water and salts 2. proteins and carbohydrates 3. fats and oils 4. enzymes and hormones

1. nucleic acid 2. amino acid 3. water 4. glucose

1. hydrogen and oxygen 2. nitrogen and oxygen 3. nitrogen and carbon 4. hydrogen and carbon

1. carbohydrates 2. ozone 3. carbon dioxide 4. water

pH is a scale designed to describe whether a compound is an acid or a base AND its strength Neutral

BELOW 7ACIDIC BELOW 7, THE SUBSTANCE IS ACIDIC. ABOVE 7BASIC ABOVE 7, THE SUBSTANCE IS BASIC. pH IS 7NEUTRAL. IF THE pH IS 7, THEN IT IS NEUTRAL. Measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.

Using to test the level of pH Provides a specific number Used to identify if the substance is an acid or a base

TASTE SOUR, REACT WITH METALS AND TURN LITMUS PAPER RED TASTE BITTER, FEEL SLIPPERY, REACT WITH LITMUS PAPER TO TURN IT BLUE

Used to test for the presence of glucose Used to test for the presence of proteins Used to test for the presence of starch

1. Give examples of organic substances 2. Determine the pH of the following solutions.

Identify the following as an element, atomor a compound: 1.Al 7. Al 2 2.H 2 SO 4 8. S 3.H 2 9. NaCl 4.H 2 O10. C 6 H 12 O 6 5.O CO 2 6.NH H