USA A2 Comparative Studies 14/9/12 Social Determinants

O say can you see by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming, Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming? And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there; O say does that star-spangled banner yet wave, O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave? On the shore dimly seen through the mists of the deep, Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses? Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam, In full glory reflected now shines in the stream: 'Tis the star-spangled banner, O! long may it wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. And where is that band who so vauntingly swore That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion, A home and a country, should leave us no more? Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution. No refuge could save the hireling and slave From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave: And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave, O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. O thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand Between their loved home and the war's desolation. Blest with vict'ry and peace, may the Heav'n rescued land Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation! Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, And this be our motto: "In God is our trust." And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave! 1931

Exam Question What is meant by the term commercialism of sport, and how is it applied in both countries? 6

USA Word Bank Colonisation Isolation policy Fronterism American Dream New World Marginalised Americanised Lombardianism Progressives Genuine Wilderness Great Outdoors Decentralisation Public funding Capitalism Commercialisation Commodity

USA ‘Land of the free’ African Americans in Sport??? Facility provision Ethnic communities WHITE MIDDLE CLASS MALE

American Football - STACKING

Discrimination Key Terms Segregation – keeping ethic & cultural backgrounds separate Main stream culture – established, dominant (WHITE) Discrimination – treat people less favourably due to race, nationality, cultural or ethnic background Pluralism – all ethnic & cultural backgrounds are tolerated & welcomed

Key Terms Assimilation – Identifying oneself with and being accepted into a new culture. USA = Americanisation Hegemony – Culture in which one social group dominates or has leadership over another

Hierarchy of Ethnic Groups in USA WASP 2. Ethnic Europeans 3. African Americans 4. Mexicans & Puerto Ricans 5. Vietnamese 6. Native Americans UK immigration = 1950’s

USA + UK = White middle class male Two groups within USA Hegemonic group – capitalist Pluralistic group – liberty and justice, American dream, positive work ethic. Leads to discrimination USA + UK = White middle class male

Access to Sport . . Opportunity Mass Participation Provision Sporting Excellence Esteem Access to Sport . .

3 Ethics in USA Radical Ethic Lombardian Ethic Winning important Process of arriving at achievement important Life long sport Lombardian Ethic Winning Profit making commercialism Pro, school, college Counter Culture Anti-competitiveness Intrinsic benefits

Social Values Compared UK Democracy Voting rights/freedom of speech Greater access to education Team player Fair play USA Democracy Voting rights/ freedom of speech Individual, self sufficient Win at all costs

Comparison Compare variations between UK traditional game of cricket and American National Sport of baseball Compare cultural determinants that caused country to adopt major, and as national sport

PE & School Sport in USA & UK

What did you find? Homework What did you find? 6 – 19 year old obesity levels = Total obesity = Physical activity levels = % of completely sedentary = USA and UK; COMPARE What did you find?

(314,354,000 USA Total Population) USA Obesity 15% of USA 6-19 = Clinically obsese (120 Amersham) 40 million obese 13% (314,354,000 USA Total Population) 75% - basic activity 25% - completely sedentary Sedentary lifestyle is a type of lifestyle with no or irregular physical activity

UK 38% overweight 25% obese 20% of under 16 = obese Adopted from URBAN 1950’s AMERICA Recommend 1 hour per day

USA PE UK PE 1970 (Nixon) states decide to enforce Save $16 million per year, PE option 11/12 grades Schools run as business ‘Expensive luxury’ – SCHOOL BOARD National curriculum – 16 No Child Left Behind 2001 UK PE