Vascular tissue engineering by computer-aided laser micromachining by Anand Doraiswamy, and Roger J. Narayan Philosophical Transactions A Volume 368(1917): April 28, 2010 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Schematic of the computer-aided laser micromachining process. Anand Doraiswamy, and Roger J. Narayan Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

(a) Top-view optical micrograph of channels fabricated in 1% agarose hydrogel. Anand Doraiswamy, and Roger J. Narayan Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

(a) Cross-sectional optical micrograph of channels that were prepared using several apertures (scale bar, 500 μm). Anand Doraiswamy, and Roger J. Narayan Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

(a) Optical micrograph of a two-circle ring. Anand Doraiswamy, and Roger J. Narayan Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

Computer-aided laser micromachining process from the CAD to the cell-seeded structure. Anand Doraiswamy, and Roger J. Narayan Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

MTT cell viability of HA-VSMC human aortic smooth muscle cells and HAAE-1 human aortic endothelial cells for various amounts of vascular endothelial growth factor (1–1000 ng ml−1); these data were normalized with cell viability on unmodified media. Anand Doraiswamy, and Roger J. Narayan Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

MTT cell viability of HA-VSMC human aortic smooth muscle cells and HAAE-1 human aortic endothelial cells for various amounts of heparin (1–1000 units ml−1); these data were normalized with cell viability on unmodified media. Anand Doraiswamy, and Roger J. Narayan Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

MTT cell viability of HA-VSMC human aortic smooth muscle cells and HAAE-1 human aortic endothelial cells for Matrigel as well as Matrigel containing 10 ng ml−1 vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and 100 units ml−1 heparin; these data were normalized... Anand Doraiswamy, and Roger J. Narayan Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

(a) Optical micrograph of HA-VSMC human aortic smooth muscle cells grown in Matrigel containing 10 ng ml−1 vascular endothelial growth factor and 100 units ml−1 heparin. Anand Doraiswamy, and Roger J. Narayan Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

Optical micrograph of a stained agarose channel that was filled with HA587 human elastin. Anand Doraiswamy, and Roger J. Narayan Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

(a) Optical micrograph of a fully grown HA-VSMC human aortic smooth muscle cell–Matrigel network. Anand Doraiswamy, and Roger J. Narayan Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

(a) Optical micrograph of vascular network containing HAAE-1 human aortic endothelial cells, HA-VSMC human aortic smooth muscle cells, human elastin as well as Matrigel containing 10 ng ml−1 of vascular endothelial growth factor and 100 units ml−1 of heparin. Anand Doraiswamy, and Roger J. Narayan Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society

(a) Live/dead stained fluorescent micrograph of vascular network containing HA-VSMC human aortic smooth muscle cells and Matrigel. Anand Doraiswamy, and Roger J. Narayan Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368: ©2010 by The Royal Society