Peter Drucker, An Introductory View of Management What is ‘MANAGEMENT?’ Peter Drucker, An Introductory View of Management

What is Management? The work of a manager can be divided into: - planning, i.e. setting objectives - organising - integrating, i.e. motivating and communicating - measuring - developing people

What is Management? Planning: they set objectives. This phase includes: developing strategies and precise tactics and allocating resources of people and money. Organising: they divide the work into manageable activities and then into individual jobs; they select suitable people.

What is Management? Integrating: social skills of motivation and communication, i.e.: communicating objectives to people, who have to form teams; they decide about pay and promotion. Measuring: managers have to measure the performance of their staff; they are also responsible for developing people, both their subordinates and themselves.

COMPANY STRUCTURE 1)Most organizations have a hierarchical or pyramidal structure, i.e. one person/group of people at the top and other people below them; 2)Functional structure (introduced by Henry Fayol in the ’40s) is organised according to the functions to carry out and includes production, finance, marketing, sales and human resources departments.

COMPANY STRUCTURE Drawbacks: - people are more concerned with the success of their department than that of the company; separating functions can hardly encourage innovation.

COMPANY STRUCTURE 3) Matrix Management: in a company people report to more than one superior, in order to keep authority at low levels. Drawback: inconsistency. 4) Autonomous, temporary groups: they are responsible for the whole project and split up as it is completed. Drawback: risk of relational problems; they need to be small with great self-discipline.

Management and Company Structure Feedback: - Which company structure would you personally adopt? - Is there a phase in the manager’s work that you judge more relevant and that you would increase and improve?

Attitude to work Discussion: Which type of organization would you like to work for? Do you think the job or task should be adapted to the person who does it or should the individual employee adapt to the needs of the job? Do you like the idea of matrix management, or would you rather report to only one powerful boss? Do you like to work in a team?

CORPORATE CULTURE Discussion: In your country is it acceptable to: show that you are emotionally involved in your work? make high contact with superiors? wear fairly casual clothes to work? disagree with superiors in meetings? occasionally arrive late for work or meetings? socialise with superiors/subordinates? do you know if they are acceptable in other countries?

BODY LANGUAGE Give a definition of ‘body language’. In your country/culture, is it considered acceptable to: gesticulate while you talk? move close to someone as you talk to them (proxemics)? touch someone on the arm as you speak to them? look at someone in the eyes for long while they are talking to you?