Powerpoint - Computers 2015-2016 Mr. Roeshink University High School

Outline How we use the computer Computer functions Terminology The components of a computer Networks and the Internet Storage Computer Software Types of Computers Information System Computer Applications

Using Computers Checking email ATM Instant Messaging Doing homework Research Blogging Playing games Making our lives easier

Computers have 4 functions accepts data Input processes data Processing produces output Output stores results Storage ***Also known as the information processing cycle***

Beginning Terms Data - raw facts, figures, & symbols given during the input operation Computer data is information required by the computer to be able to operate Information – keeps everything organized, meaningful, & more useful for user *User = person who uses computer directly

Beginning Terms Cont. Hardware = the physical parts of the computer. Software = the programs (instructions) that tell the computer what to do Default = the original settings; what will happen if you don't change anything.

Input Devices To get data, programs, commands or instructions into the computer Keyboard Mouse Microphone (audio data) PC camera (video data) Scanner (image input)

Input & Output Output – Process of transmitting data into a useful form (monitor or a printer) Input – Types of devices that allow data, programs, commands, & user responses to be entered (a keyboard, a mouse, a digital reader)

Special Input Device Readers

Output Devices Monitor – television like display Printer – peripheral that produces a hard copy Speaker – produces sound

Output Devices

Applications: Communications Purpose: Transmitting data and messages between computers Major Advantage: Speed & convenience

Communication Programs contain one or more of the following actions FTP  (File Transfer Protocol) Chat programs Instant messaging Voice messages Video conferencing Phone calls over the Internet

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) File Transfer Protocol (FTP) **Program that manages the moving of files between computers**

Chat room

Instant Messaging

Other Communication Programs… Voice messages, video conferencing, phone calls over the internet A fifth of US homes have cellphones, no landlines WASHINGTON — For the first time, the number of U.S. households opting for only cellphones outnumber those that just have traditional landlines in a high-tech shift accelerated by the recession. In the freshest evidence of the growing appeal of cellphones, 20% of households had only cells during the last half of 2008 and 17% who only had landlines.

Network & Internet & Intranet A network is a collection of computers and devices Networks allow users to share resources

What is a LAN? Local Area Network A group of computers and devices In a limited geographic area

What is the Internet? Some facts… Worldwide connection of networks In 1995 there were 16 million internet users 0.4% of the World’s Population In 2010 we see almost 2 billion internet users 30% of the World’s Population

Inter & Intra… What’s the difference? Definition for: inter- A prefix meaning between or among An internet (The Internet) is a network between networks Definition for: intra- A prefix meaning within An intranet is a network within a building or organization

Internet Protocol Address Is a unique set of numbers that defines the computers location

Applications: Browser – program that lets you navigate WWW

WWW (World Wide Web) The WWW, or the Web, is one application that runs on the Internet It is made up of billions of documents called Web pages These pages can contain text, graphics, sound, video and are connected together by links

Local Area Network (LAN) Computer network covering a small area

The Guts!!! Now let’s take a look at the inner workings of the computer.

System Unit (Inside the Case) Motherboard = central circuitboard of a computer CPU = processor portion that carries instructions of a computer program Main Memory = stores data during processing

Digital Information Storage 1 electronic storage unit is a ‘byte’ Kilobyte = 1,000 bytes Megabyte = 1,000,000 bytes (million) Gigabyte = 1,000,000,000 bytes (billion) Terabyte = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes (trillion)

Storage Devices A data storage device is a device for recording (storing) information (data). Recording can be done using virtually any form of energy: manual muscle power in handwriting acoustic vibrations in phonograph recording electromagnetic energy modulating magnetic tape or optical disc

Storage Magnetic Tape Floppy Disc (Pretty much obsolete) Optical Disc – CD-Rom/DVD-Rom, CD-R/DVD-R, CD-RW/DVD-RW Flash Memory USB Drive Removable Hard Drive & External Hard Drive Smart Cards

Why is a computer powerful? 1) Speed - a computer can do billions of actions per second 2) Reliability & Accuracy – failures are usually due to human error, one way or another 3) Linking & Communication – computers connects all of us locally & globally 4) Storage – Ability to keep huge amounts of data **Motherboard – printed circuit board that holds crucial components

Computer Software Programs that give instructions to the hardware about what to do and how to do it System Software - programs that perform system tasks For example: Operating Systems (Windows XP, Linux, MacOS, Windows 7, MontaVista)

Computer Software Collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do Application Software - Programs that perform user-specific tasks such as word processing, spreadsheets, databases, web applications … Examples: Turbo Tax, McAfee, Office 2007, Rosetta Stone

Types of Computers Personal computers (PCs) Desktop computers Laptop or Netbook computers Handheld computer (including cell phones) Personal digital assistant (PDA)

Computer Applications in Society Learning Online banking Online investing Health care Research Publishing Travel arrangements Computer-aided Design (CAD) Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM) Shopping Others?

The End.