UNIT 2: Who commits CRIME?

SELF-TEST Why do people commit crime? Brainstorm reasons for criminal behavior based on these three catagories:Why do people commit crime? Brainstorm reasons for criminal behavior based on these three catagories: –Social: –Economic: –Biological:

What do people become criminals? ___________ vs. ______________ NATURE: Criminals are _______, not _______ –Biological Theories – –Personality Theories – NURTURE:NURTURE:

NATURE THEORIES About what makes someone a Criminal

Old School nature theories about criminals: Cesare Lombroso (1876) criminalsCesare Lombroso (1876) criminals Theory:Theory:

Another Old School NATURE Theory:Another Old School NATURE Theory: William Sheldon _________________ determined criminality.William Sheldon _________________ determined criminality. 1.Endomorphic 2.Ectomorphic 3. Mesomorphic IDENTIFY SOME FLAWS IN THIS THEORY?

____________________ causes PET (brain) scans done on impulsive killers showed: ________________________________, which controls impulsive behavior.PET (brain) scans done on impulsive killers showed: ________________________________, which controls impulsive behavior. Charles Whitman sniper NATURE: MODERN THEORIES Neurochemical Causes The brain’s chemistry can be influenced by ___________________________________________________ The TWINKIE DEFENSE: A psychiatrist claimed that a poor diet could

Neurochemical STEROIDS? Can the abuse of steroids, which increase testosterone levels: STEROIDS? Can the abuse of steroids, which increase testosterone levels:  NO direct link between

Twin studies: Genetic influence on crime IDENTICAL TWINS (same genes and gender) that have been separated at birth and brought up separately have been studiedIDENTICAL TWINS (same genes and gender) that have been separated at birth and brought up separately have been studied The degree of similarity between two twins is known as theThe degree of similarity between two twins is known as the_____________________________________. This rate was compared with FRATERNAL twins who are brought up separatelyThis rate was compared with FRATERNAL twins who are brought up separately Concordance rateConcordance rate FRATERNAL twins:FRATERNAL twins:

Psychopaths and Sociopaths SIMILARITIES: PRIMARY DIFFERENCE: –Generally Speaking PSYCHOPATHS ARE _________ (_____________) SOCIOPATHS ARE __________ (______________)

Sociopaths (____________):Sociopaths (____________): –Are capable of _____________ and can form meaningful __________________________ –Common sociological factors such as Personal Characteristics:Personal Characteristics: –Easy to spot:

Psychopaths (NATURE) Psychopaths show some of these characteristics:

Mental Disorders related to Psychopathy (and to a lesser degree SOCIOPATHS) 1. CONDUCT DISORDER (diagnosed before age 15)1. CONDUCT DISORDER (diagnosed before age 15) Criteria: Criteria:

2. ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER Diagnosed over age18; frequent diagnosis of serial killers, rapists, thrill killers CRITERIA :

Self-Test What is the difference between a psychopath and a sociopath? What diagnosis must have been made to be labeled Antisocial Personality Disorder? What is the difference between a ORGANIZED and DISORGANIZED serial killer?

Serial Killers Murder ________ or more victims, but each is killed onMurder ________ or more victims, but each is killed on___________________________

Serial Killers Most serial killers will fall into a pattern:Most serial killers will fall into a pattern: The patterns of activities often allow police to apprehend the killer.The patterns of activities often allow police to apprehend the killer. Serial killers are often described as:Serial killers are often described as:

Serial Killers Typical serial Killers are:

Types of serial killers (patterns) Organized Characteristics:Characteristics:

Types of serial killers (patterns) Disorganized Characteristics:Characteristics:

Women who commit Crime Men commit about ____of all Crime _______ of all murdersMen commit about ____of all Crime _______ of all murders Why do women commit so few murders?Why do women commit so few murders? Theory:Theory:

Women serial killers: RARE Psychopathy: 1. “Angel of Mercy / Death”1. “Angel of Mercy / Death” 2. Mothers: Münchausen syndrome by proxy2. Mothers: Münchausen syndrome by proxy 3. BLACK WIDOWS:3. BLACK WIDOWS:

Freud: Criminals are like Children Children should progress from: Children should progress from: 1.Pleasure principle (id =_____________________) 2.Reality principle (where ).. Freud: stable home environment_________________ _________________________________________ Research has supported the fact that most criminals come from ____________________________.

Child abuse and Crime Abused or neglected childrenAbused or neglected children One study showed 76%One study showed 76% Only about 10% ofOnly about 10% of

Juvenile “Delinquency” Many Juvenile offenders are diagnosed with ____________________________Many Juvenile offenders are diagnosed with ____________________________ Causes of juvenile delinquency:Causes of juvenile delinquency: Every _______ makes their own rules with regard to who is a ______________Every _______ makes their own rules with regard to who is a ______________

Juvenile Courts Juvenile courts ___________ than adult courtsJuvenile courts ___________ than adult courts Early “JD’s” were sent to “________________” a type of prison school for troubled kidsEarly “JD’s” were sent to “________________” a type of prison school for troubled kids Their goal was to _____________ not PUNISHTheir goal was to _____________ not PUNISH Goal of Juvenile JusticeGoal of Juvenile Justice –Diversion:

Landmark Court Cases regarding Juveniles: In Re Gault (1967)In Re Gault (1967) 15 year old boy (Gault) is arrested for15 year old boy (Gault) is arrested for Held by the police,Held by the police, Supreme Court: Juveniles have the same rights as adults!Supreme Court: Juveniles have the same rights as adults!

Roper v. Simmons (2005) Supreme Court rules: Violates the

New Jersey Agency:Agency: NJ_____________________________ ___ –Emphasizes accountability and offers programs to create independent, productive and law abiding citizens. –DIVERSION: ___________________________ Top Juvenile crime in NJ: _______________Top Juvenile crime in NJ: _______________ Juveniles: 59% of ___________arrestsJuveniles: 59% of ___________arrests

R.I.C.O RICO =RICO = 1970: RICO created to break up __________________________________ ___1970: RICO created to break up __________________________________ ___ MAFIA bosses did not ever directly commit crime. HOW DO YOU PROSECUTE THEM?MAFIA bosses did not ever directly commit crime. HOW DO YOU PROSECUTE THEM?