1. UNIT 2: Who commits CRIME?

2. SELF-TEST
Why do people commit crime? Brainstorm reasons for criminal behavior based on these three categories:
Social:
Economic:
Biological:

3. What do people become criminals? ___________ vs. ______________
NATURE: Criminals are _______, not _______
Biological Theories –
Personality Theories –
NURTURE:

4. About what makes someone a Criminal
NATURE THEORIES
About what makes someone a Criminal

5. Old School nature theories about criminals:
Cesare Lombroso (1876) criminals
Theory:

6. Another Old School NATURE Theory:
William Sheldon _________________ determined criminality.
Endomorphic
Ectomorphic
3. Mesomorphic
IDENTIFY SOME FLAWS IN THIS THEORY?

7. ____________________ causes
NATURE: MODERN THEORIES
____________________ causes
PET (brain) scans done on impulsive killers showed: ________________________________, which controls impulsive behavior.
Charles Whitman sniper
Neurochemical Causes
The brain’s chemistry can be influenced by ___________________________________________________
The TWINKIE DEFENSE: A psychiatrist claimed that a poor diet could

8. Neurochemical
STEROIDS? Can the abuse of steroids, which increase testosterone levels:
NO direct link between

9. Twin studies: Genetic influence on crime
IDENTICAL TWINS (same genes and gender) that have been separated at birth and brought up separately have been studied
The degree of similarity between two twins is known as the
_____________________________________.
This rate was compared with FRATERNAL twins who are brought up separately
Concordance rate
FRATERNAL twins:

10. Psychopaths and Sociopaths
SIMILARITIES:
PRIMARY DIFFERENCE:
Generally Speaking
PSYCHOPATHS ARE _________ (_____________)
SOCIOPATHS ARE __________ (______________)

11. Sociopaths (____________):
Are capable of _____________ and can form meaningful __________________________
Common sociological factors such as
Personal Characteristics:
Easy to spot:

12. Psychopaths (NATURE)
Psychopaths show some of these characteristics:

13. Mental Disorders related to Psychopathy (and to a lesser degree SOCIOPATHS)
1. CONDUCT DISORDER (diagnosed before age 15)
Criteria:

14. 2. ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
Diagnosed over age18;
frequent diagnosis of serial killers, rapists, thrill killers
CRITERIA:

15. Self-Test What is the difference between a psychopath and a sociopath?
What diagnosis must have been made to be labeled Antisocial Personality Disorder?
What is the difference between a ORGANIZED and DISORGANIZED serial killer?

16. Serial Killers Murder ________ or more victims, but each is killed on
___________________________

17. Serial Killers Most serial killers will fall into a pattern:
The patterns of activities often allow police to apprehend the killer.
Serial killers are often described as:

18. Serial Killers
Typical serial Killers are:

19. Types of serial killers (patterns) Organized
Characteristics:

20. Types of serial killers (patterns) Disorganized
Characteristics:

21. Men commit about ____of all Crime _______ of all murders
Women who commit Crime
Men commit about ____of all Crime _______ of all murders
Why do women commit so few murders?
Theory:

22. Women serial killers: RARE Psychopathy:
1. “Angel of Mercy / Death”
2. Mothers: Münchausen syndrome by proxy
3. BLACK WIDOWS:

23. Freud: Criminals are like Children
Children should progress from:
Pleasure principle (id =_____________________)
Reality principle (where ).
. Freud: stable home environment_________________
_________________________________________
Research has supported the fact that most criminals come from ____________________________.

24. Child abuse and Crime Abused or neglected children
One study showed 76%
Only about 10% of

25. Juvenile “Delinquency”
Many Juvenile offenders are diagnosed with ____________________________
Causes of juvenile delinquency:
Every _______ makes their own rules with regard to who is a ______________

26. Juvenile Courts Juvenile courts ___________ than adult courts
Early “JD’s” were sent to “________________” a type of prison school for troubled kids
Their goal was to _____________ not PUNISH
Goal of Juvenile Justice
Diversion:

27. Landmark Court Cases regarding Juveniles:
In Re Gault (1967)
15 year old boy (Gault) is arrested for
Held by the police,
Supreme Court: Juveniles have the same rights as adults!

28. Roper v. Simmons (2005)
Supreme Court rules:
Violates the

29. New Jersey Agency: NJ________________________________
Emphasizes accountability and offers programs to create independent, productive and law abiding citizens.
DIVERSION: ___________________________
Top Juvenile crime in NJ: _______________
Juveniles: 59% of ___________arrests

30. R.I.C.O
RICO =
1970: RICO created to break up _____________________________________
MAFIA bosses did not ever directly commit crime. HOW DO YOU PROSECUTE THEM?