Planets, Solar Systems, and Galaxies…..Oh my!

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Presentation transcript:

Planets, Solar Systems, and Galaxies…..Oh my!

What is Earth’s address? Our Place in Space… What is Earth’s address?

Universe Big Bang Theory is the leading scientific theory about the formation of the universe. Occurred over 13.7 billion years ago The universe continues to expand and galaxies move further apart Cosmic Background Radiation is energy left over from the Big Bang

Formation of the Universe The study of the origin, structure, and future of the universe is called cosmology. The Big Bang Theory (it’s not just a funny TV show!) The beginning of the universe is to believe to have begun with a colossal explosion (a BANG!) Approx. 13.7 billion years ago Matter condensed into galaxies, solar systems, suns, and planets Universe continues to expand away from this initial explosion

Milky Way Galaxy Contains about 200 billion stars All of the stars you see in the night sky are in the Milky Way All stars orbit around the inner region Normal spiral galaxy

Solar System The sun takes up 99.86% of the solar system’s mass Scientists hypothesize the solar system formed 4.6 billion years ago. Made of 1 star; 8 planets and moons; 5 dwarf planets; asteroids; comets; and meteoroids

Planets Inner Planets Consists of the rocky planets Mercury Venus Earth Outer Planets Gas Giants Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Earth Only planet that can sustain life Water exists in 3 states of matter 1 astronomical unit (AU) from the sun

Galaxies Galaxies are large groups of stars, dust, and gas Three main types of galaxies Spiral Galaxies Elliptical Galaxies Irregular Galaxies

This is the Hubble Space Telescope.

Hubble’s Tuning Fork Use your Hubble’s Tuning Fork Diagram to help you identify these Galaxies:

Spiral Galaxies can be: Ordinary Barred And made up of: A bulge at the center Spiral Arms Examples: Spiral - Milky Way (the home to our solar system) Barred – NGC 1300

Elliptical Galaxies Elliptical galaxies have: One third of all galaxies are simply massive blobs of stars, these are elliptical galaxies Elliptical galaxies have: Bright centers Very little dust and gas Contain mostly old stars

Irregular Galaxies Irregular Galaxies do not fit into the elliptical or spiral groups. They make up ¼ of all galaxies in the universe Do not have a distinct shape No bulge at the center No spiral arm

What Kind of Galaxy is This?

What Kind of Galaxy is This?

What Kind of Galaxy is This?

What Kind of Galaxy is This?

What Kind of Galaxy is This?

What Kind of Galaxy is This?

What Kind of Galaxy is This?

What Kind of Galaxy is This?

What Kind of Galaxy is This?

What Kind of Galaxy is This?

What Kind of Galaxy is This?

How many galaxies are here. What kind occurs most frequently How many galaxies are here? What kind occurs most frequently? What is rarest?

What Kind of Galaxy is This? The End

Planets in Motion Kepler’s Laws of planetary motion Remember: Rotation: a planet spinning on its own axis…..represents a day Revolution: a planet (or another object) that moves around a sun…..represents a year Kepler’s Laws of planetary motion Orbits are ellipses When a planet is closer to the sun (during its orbit) they move faster, when farther away they move slower Planets farther from the sun take longer to orbit the sun Mercury orbits in 88 Earth days Mars orbits in 687 days Saturn orbits in 29.46 Earth years! Neptune orbits in 163.72 Earth years Pluto orbits in 248 Earth years

Huh????? Gravity pulls it all together! The Law of Universal Gravitation States that the force of gravity depends on the product of the masses of the objects divided by the square of the distance between the objects. Huh????? Basically… Everything that has mass has gravity The more mass, the more gravity Everything pulls on everything else The distance between objects determines the force of gravity The closer objects are the greater the pull of gravity

Why doesn’t the moon crash into Earth because of Gravity?? Inertia….. Inertia is an object’s resistance to change its speed or direction of movement… Newton’s 1st Law of Motion …An object at rest will stay at rest or an object in motion will stay in motion ………..unless an outside force acts on it. In space there is no resistance to motion because there is no air, so the moon keeps moving, but gravity keeps the moon in orbit