Photo Water and Sustainability Robert Goldstein ), Bill Smith and Keith ACWI Meeting Washington, DC April 3, 2002

Offstream freshwater withdrawal and use by different major sectors of the economy. Total offstream freshwater withdrawal is 341 billion gallons per day.

Consumptive use of freshwater by the major sectors of the economy. The total consumptive use is about 100 billion gallons per day.

Proportion of offstream and instream use of water in the United States in Instream water use is primarily for hydroelectric power generation.

Population change between 1980 and 1999, estimated from Census Bureau data.

Annual rate of development of land (acres in each watershed), from the US Department of Agriculture.

Annual surface water withdrawal as a percentage of precipitation minus evapotranspiration, by county, across the US. Withdrawal data from 1995.

Issues Fast growing demand for clean, fresh water All regions of US vulnerable to water shortages Environmental protection and enhancement Dependency of electricity supply and demand on water availability Curtailed future growth of electricity demand Shortages of current electricity supply Electricity grid topology Societal and economic sustainability

Objectives Mitigate limitations on economic development and electricity supply & demand caused by water supply/treatment restrictions While enhancing and protecting water resource environmental values Using EPRI water resource management tools and technology

Approach Create and apply –Watershed management (macroscale) planning tools –Individual facility (microscale) water management planning tools –New water management technologies (microscale) –Frameworks for integrating macro and micro scale planning and technology applications

Macroscale Elements Water resource management tools –Watershed/Ecosytem models –Waterbody models –Ecological population/community models Eco-asset management Water quality trading GIS planning tools Water availability and demand projection tools

Microscale Elements Advanced cooling technologies Gray water technologies Water intake technologies Membranes Photocatalytic technologies Pinch analyses Ozone Freeze-thaw Enhanced Biotreatment Desalination UV

Scoping Reports Water & Sustainability (Volume 1): Research Plan (TR ) Water & Sustainability (Volume 2): An Assessment of Water Demand, Supply, and Quality in the U.S.—The Next Half Century (TR ) Water & Sustainability (Volume 3): U.S. Water Consumption for Power Production—The Next Half Century (TR ) Water & Sustainability (Volume 4): U.S. Electricity Consumption for Water Supply & Treatment— The Next Half Century (TR ) To order:

Water and Sustainability— Research Plan Schedule

Water Sustainability Workshop July 23, 2002 EPRI Washington DC Headquarters Water and energy experts, project hosts, and funders Purpose –Critique strawman research plan –Establish consensus research priorities –Evaluate likely sites for regional pilot projects