Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings C h a p t e r 9 The Muscular System: Skeletal Muscle Tissue and Muscle Organization PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides prepared by Agnes Yard and Michael Yard Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Levers can change which of the following? a. the direction of an applied force b. the distance and speed of movement produced by a force c. the strength of a force d. all of the above

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regarding muscle terminology, which of the following indicates a “bandage-like” appearance? a. splenius b. serratus c. sartorius d. piriformis

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings A skeletal muscle contracts when its motor units are stimulated; the amount of tension produced depends upon which of the following? a. the frequency of stimulation b. the number of motor units involved c. the amount of muscle spindles activated d. a and b

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings When the triceps brachii muscle acts in stabilizing the flexion movement of the biceps brachii muscle, it is acting as a/an: a. synergist b. antagonist c. fixator d. agonist

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which connective tissue(s) of skeletal muscle contain(s) the nerves and blood vessels that supply the muscle fibers? a. epimysium b. perimysium c. endomysium d. all of the above

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings In performing plantar flexion, the calf muscles act across which type of lever? a. first-class lever, in which the fulcrum lies between the applied force and the resistance b. second-class lever, in which the resistance is located between the applied force and the fulcrum c. third-class lever, in which the force is applied between the applied force and the fulcrum d. first-class lever, in which the resistance is located between the applied force and the fulcrum

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Within a sarcomere, the region between the A band and the Z line containing only thin filaments is the: a. H band b. I band c. M line d. zone of overlap

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Most of the skeletal muscles of the body display which pattern of fascicle arrangement? a. convergent muscle b. pennate muscle c. circular muscle d. parallel muscle

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following plays an essential role in controlling the contraction of individual myofibrils? a. sarcoplasmic reticulum b. transverse tubules c. sarcolemma d. myosatellite cells

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings T tubules are formed by deep indentation in which cellular structure? a. nuclear envelope b. sarcolemma c. sarcoplasmic reticulum d. neuromuscular junction

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings In neuromuscular synapses, which event or description applies to the synaptic cleft? a. It contains numerous mitochondria and small secretory vesicles. b. When an electrical impulse arrives at the synaptic cleft, acetylcholine is released. c. It contains the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. d. When acetylcholine binds to its receptors at the synaptic cleft, a change in the local transmembrane potential is initiated.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following is/are not characteristic of fast fibers? a. high resistance to fatigue b. few mitochondria c. supported by anaerobic glycolysis d. low myoglobin content

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which type of muscle is versatile in that the direction of pull can be changed by stimulating only one group of muscle cells at any one time? a. multipennate b. bipennate c. convergent d. none of the above

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The cytoplasm of the synaptic terminal at the neuromuscular synapse contains numerous small secretory vesicles filled with which neurotransmitter? a. serotonin b. dopamine c. acetylcholine d. acetylcholinesterase

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regarding the sliding filament theory, the tension produced by the muscle fiber is related directly to which of the following? a. the length of the muscle fiber b. the strength of cross-bridges that occur in the fiber c. the structure of an individual sarcomere d. the amount of calcium ions in the T tubules of the muscle fiber

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following statements regarding aging and the muscular system is true? a. The rate of decline in muscular performance is the same in all individuals, regardless of exercise patterns or lifestyle. b. Skeletal muscle fibers contain less ATP but more glycogen reserves as they age, resulting in a tendency to fatigue rapidly. c. The number of myosatellite cells steadily increases with age, so that scar tissue formation usually results from muscle tissue injury. d. Skeletal muscles become smaller in diameter and more elastic as the amount of fibrous connective tissue decreases.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following statements regarding myofibrils is inaccurate? a. The combination of a pair of terminal cisternae plus a transverse tubule is known as a triumvirate. b. Mitochondria and glycogen granules are scattered among the myofibrils. c. Each myofibril is a cylindrical structure 1 – 2 μm in diameter and as long as the entire cell. d. Surrounding each myofibril is a sleeve made up of membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regarding muscle terminology, which of the following terms indicates that the muscle is “long and round?” a. teres b. pectinate c. longissimus d. tendinosus

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following is not a function of skeletal muscle? a. It provides voluntary control over swallowing, defecation, and urination, regulating the entrance and exiting of material. b. It supports soft tissues, such as visceral organs, and protects internal tissues from injury. c. It moves substances through the digestive system. d. It maintains posture and body position.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings When cross-bridge binding occurs during a muscle contraction, which of the following structures pivots toward the M line? a. the Z line b. the myosin head c. the H band d. the troponin – tropomyosin complex

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following statements regarding the distribution of various types of skeletal muscle fibers is correct? a. Most muscles contain a mixture of fiber types, although all of the fibers within one motor unit are of the same type. b. There are no red fibers in the muscles of the eye or hand, where swift, brief contractions are required. c. Training for endurance events increases the proportion of fast fibers in the active muscles. d. a and b

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following is/are factors that help return a shortened muscle to its normal length? a. gravity b. elastic fibers in the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium c. the pull of other muscles d. all of the above

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following statements regarding third-class levers is true? a. A force is applied between the resistance and the fulcrum. b. They are the most common levers in the body. c. Both statements are true. d. Neither statement is true.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following is not correct regarding the gross anatomy of skeletal muscles? a. Each muscle fiber has one neuromuscular synapse, usually located midway along its length. b. An extensive vascular supply enters the muscle alongside the associated nerves; and the vessels and nerves follow the same unbranched pattern through the perimysium. c. At each end of the muscle, the collagen fibers of the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium often converge to form a fibrous tendon. d. The epimysium surrounds the entire skeletal muscle and is connected to the deep fascia.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings What is the term for resting tension in a skeletal muscle? a. hypertrophy b. recruitment c. multiple motor unit summation d. muscle tone