1. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Frederic H. Martini PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Chapter 10, part 1 Muscle Tissue

2. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Learning Objectives Describe the organization of muscle and the unique characteristics of skeletal muscle cells. Identify the structural components of the sarcomere. Summarize the events at the neuromuscular junction. Explain the key concepts involved in skeletal muscle contraction and tension production.

3. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Learning Objectives Describe how muscle fibers obtain energy for contraction. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic contraction, muscle fiber types, and muscle performance. Identify the differences between skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.

4. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 10-1 Skeletal muscle tissue and the Muscular System

5. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skeletal – attached to bone Cardiac – found in the heart Smooth – lines hollow organs Three types of muscle

6. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Produce skeletal movement Maintain posture and body position Support soft tissues Guard entrances and exits Maintain body temperature Skeletal muscle functions

7. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 10-2 Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle

8. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Epimysium surrounds muscle Perimysium sheathes bundles of muscle fibers Epimysium and perimysium contain blood vessels and nerves Endomysium covers individual muscle fibers Tendons or aponeuroses attach muscle to bone or muscle Organization of connective tissues Animation: Gross anatomy of skeletal muscle PLAY

9. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.1 Figure 10.1 The Organization of Skeletal Muscles

10. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sarcolemma (cell membrane) Sarcoplasm (muscle cell cytoplasm) Sarcoplasmic reticulum (modified ER) T-tubules and myofibrils aid in contraction Sarcomeres – regular arrangement of myofibrils Skeletal muscle fibers

11. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.3 Figure 10.3 The Structure of a Skeletal Muscle Fiber

12. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.4 Sarcomere Structure, Part I Figure 10.4

13. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Thick and thin filaments Organized regularly Myofibrils

14. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.5 Sarcomere Structure, Part II Figure 10.5

15. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.6 Figure 10.6 Levels of Functional Organization in Skeletal Muscle Fiber

16. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings F-actin Nebulin Tropomyosin Covers active sites on G-actin Troponin Binds to G-actin and holds tropomyosin in place Thin filaments

17. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bundles of myosin fibers around titan core Myosin molecules have elongate tail, globular head Heads form cross-bridges during contraction Interactions between G-actin and myosin prevented by tropomyosin during rest Thick filaments

18. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.7 Thick and Thin Filaments Figure 10.7

19. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Explains the relationship between thick and thin filaments as contraction proceeds Cyclic process beginning with calcium release from SR Calcium binds to troponin Trponin moves, moving tropomyosin and exposing actin active site Myosin head forms cross bridge and bends toward H zone ATP allows release of cross bridge Sliding filament theory

20. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.8 Figure 10.8 Changes in the appearance of a Sarcomere during the Contraction of a Skeletal Muscle Fiber