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6. List two reasons to create a prorupted state.

7. What is the term for a state that has no direct access to the sea?

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1. Elongated States: Potential Isolation Elongated states may suffer from poor internal communications.

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2. Compact States: Efficient In a compact state, the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly. The ideal theoretical compact state would be shaped like a circle, with the capital at the center and the shortest possible boundaries to defend.

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3. Prorupted States: Access or Disruption An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension is a prorupted state. Proruptions are created for 2 reasons: Access to a resource such as water They can also separate two states that otherwise would share a boundary.

When the British ruled the otherwise compact state of Afghanistan, they superimposed a proruption to the east that was to prevent Russia from sharing a border with Pakistan.

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4. Perforated States: South Africa A state that completely surrounds another is a perforated state.

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The most extreme fragmented state is Indonesia, made up of 13,677 islands.

What is Russia?