Ch. 2 - Matter I. States of Matter  Kinetic Molecular Theory  States of Matter

Definitions:  Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space.  Mass- the amount of matter the object contains.  Which has a greater mass?

A. Kinetic Molecular Theory  Particles of matter are always in motion.  The kinetic energy (KE) or speed of these particles increases as temperature increases. Bouncy Ball Example

B. Three States of Matter  Solids  very low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around  fixed shape  fixed volume

B. Three States of Matter  Liquids  low KE - particles can move around but are still close together  variable shape  fixed volume

B. Three States of Matter  Gases  high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container  variable shape  variable volume

Plasma Plasma  high temperature state in which atoms lose their electrons  Ex. the sun B. States of Matter

Properties of the States of Matter Property SolidLiquidGas Shape Volume Expansion on heating Compressibility Definite Very Slight Almost incompressible Indefinite Definite Moderate Almost incompressible Indefinite Great Readily compressible

Changes of State Melting – solid to liquid Freezing - liquid to solid Vaporization – liquid to gas Condensation – gas to liquid Sublimation – solid to gas Deposition- gas to solid

Changes of State The same substance can transform into each state of matter by increasing or decreasing in energy. Sublimation Deposition Melting Vaporization Freezing Condensation