Kingdom Fungi Ch. 10 pg.364

Fungus are adapted for 2 main functions Absorption of nutrients Reproduction

300 million years ago: Fungus took a different evolutionary pathway than plants They adapted to a heterotrophic way of life and lost the ability to be autotrophs

Similarities between plants and Fungi Both are eukaryotic Both have cell walls Most are anchored in the soil or substrate Reproduction can be sexual or asexual or both Both are stationary

Differences Plants Fungi Have one nucleus per cell Often have many nuclei per cell Are autotrophs Are heterotrophs Most have roots Have no roots Have cellulose in the cell walls Often have chitin in the cell walls Some reproduce by seed None reproduce by seed

Fungi are classified by how they reproduce (produce spores). Ex: Sac Fungi - yeast, morels, truffles Club Fungi – mushrooms, shelf fungi Imperfect fungi – disease causing fungi, penicillium

Yeast & Morels (Sac Fungi)

Truffels – Sac Fungi

Shitake Mushrooms – club fungi

Penicillium - Imperfect fungi

Terms Hypha (hyphae) – branching filaments that are usually on or below the surface of the substrate Mycelium – a mesh of hyphae

Importance of Fungi Decomposers – they are an important part of nature’s recycling Benefit to humans – yeast is used to make bread, wine & beer Penicillium – used to produce antibiotics Aspergillus – used to flavour soft drinks Food items –mushrooms, morels, truffles

Athlete’s Foot

Between the toes

And it gets worse…

Ringworm

Ringworm is a pathogenic fungi

Ringworm affects our pets too

How to treat ringworm infections

Yeast infections

Fungus Symbiosis Symbiosis is a relationship between 2 organisms that survive together LICHENS are an example of this Lichens are green algae living with a fungus Green algae provide the food through photosynthesis Fungi provide protection by surrounding the algae and giving CO2 and H2O

Questions for HW – read pg.364-371 Pg. 372 # 2, 3 a, b, c , 5 Pg. 373 Section ques. # 1, 5, 7, 8 And : How are lichens important air quality monitors?