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Who is the “Father of Genetics”? Gregor Mendel When 2 alleles DON’T BLEND but BOTH SHOW TOGETHER like in A B blood type, it is called _______________ Codominance incomplete dominance codominance

Transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring is called ___________________. _____________ is the study of how characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next. heredity Genetics

__________________ = An allele that IS MASKED BY the presence of another allele RECESSIVE The appearance of an organism is its _____________ phenotype

_______________ are different gene choices for a trait. ALLELES

__________________ = An allele that MASKS the presence of another allele Red and white flowers producing pink offspring is an example of _______________________ Codominance incomplete dominance DOMINANT Incomplete dominance

A dominant gene is represented by a ____________ letter. (usually the first letter of the trait) capital When a heterozygous individual shows a blending of 2 alleles instead of one being dominant over the other it is called ___________ ____________. Incomplete dominance

A recessive gene is represented by a _________________ letter. lower case What phenotypic ratio would you expect to see in offspring from a monohybrid cross of 2 heterozygous parents? 3:1 Dominant:recessive

Bb B b In guinea pigs black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). The Punnett square for a cross between a HETEROZYGOUS black guinea pig and a PURE brown guinea pig would look like This is the Correct setup Heterozygous = Bb Pure brown = bb BB b b Bb b b Bb B B Another name for pure is _________________ homozygous

R = red flowers r = white flowers Red pink An Rr organism would have ____________ flowers if this trait was COMPLETELY DOMINANT. An Rr organism would have ____________ flowers if this trait was INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT. An Rr organism would have ______________ flowers if this trait was CODOMINANT. BOTH red & white

T = Tall t = short The genotype of the offspring from the cross at the right is _________. Their phenotype is _________. Tt tall

The parents in this cross are _____________ Homozygous Heterozygous Homozygous If W is dominant for long wings and w is recessive for short wings, what percentage of these offspring will have short wings? _______% 0% only ww makes it short

If you cross a homozygous RED flowered four o’clock plant with a homozygous WHITE flowered plant, ALL of the offspring produced have PINK flowers. This type of inheritance in which the heterozygote (Rr) shows a blending of traits is called __________. A. Dominant/recessive inheritance B. Co-dominance C. Incomplete dominance Incomplete dominance

L = Blue legs l = yellow legs Blue green An Rr organism would have ____________ legs if this trait was COMPLETELY DOMINANT. An Rr organism would have ____________ legs if this trait was INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT. An Rr organism would have ______________ legs if this trait was CODOMINANT. BOTH Blue & yellow

In the cross at the right __________ is dominant for flower color. red Tt Mm Rr Which of the following genotypes is from a heterozygous organism? Tt SS bb Mm Rr

The parents in this cross are _____________ Homozygous Heterozygous Heterozygous If G is dominant for green pods and g is recessive for yellow pods, what percentage of the offspring will have green pods? _______% 75 GGGg gg G g G g

Bb B b The genotype of the offspring in the blue box is _______ bb The offspring in the blue box is homozygous heterozygous homozygous

IAIA i IAIA IAIAIAIA IAiIAi IBIB IAIBIAIB IBiIBi F A & B are codominant The alleles for blood type show 2 kinds of inheritance.. The following statements are TRUE or FALSE? A is dominant over B. O is dominant over A. A is dominant over O. B and A are co-dominant A is incompletely dominant over O. O is recessive to A and to B F O is recessive to both A & B T T F T

Type of cell division shown mitosis Tell one reason why a cell would do this Grow organism bigger Repair injuries Replace worn out cells

What are the possible phenotypes of their offspring? (% and color) Black eyes (B) are dominant over red eyes (b) in rats. Make a cross between two HETEROZYGOUS rats. 75 % black eyes 25% red eyes B b B b BB Bb Bb bb

Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? meiosis Makes 2 daughter cells ______________ Makes haploid cells _______________ Divides twice but copies DNA once __________________ Used to repair injuries ______________ mitosis meiosis mitosis

Aa A a The genotype of the offspring in the blue box is _______ homozygous heterozygous heterozygous How many of the offspring from this cross will show the dominant characteristic? ¾ (75%) – AA and Aa

A cell which has 2 copies of every chromosome is called _____________ diploid OR 2n Type of division that makes daughter cells which are different from the parent cell and different from each other meiosis

Which of the following is NOT TRUE? Genotype determines phenotype Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Genotype is the way the genes make you look. Organisms with different genotypes can have the same phenotype. T T F T Tt and TT both look tall

This diagram is showing _________________ Crossing over During which phase does this happen? PROPHASE I of meiosis

BT bt bT Bt What type of gametes can this organism produce? BbTt ______ ______ _______ _______ What type of gametes can this organism produce? BBTT ______ ______ _______ _______ BT BT

The exchange of DNA between the chromatid arms on homologous pairs is called ________________ Crossing over The mixing up of maternal and paternal chromosomes as they move apart during anaphase I is called ______________ Independent assortment

What genotype would a PURPLE dad have to be to make a yellow monster baby with a Purple (Pp) mom monster? Pp ? ? pp Pp Dad needs to have: a little p to give one to the baby a big P to be purple himself

An organism has the genotype Xy. What are the possible sperm it can produce? ______ ______ THINK ABOUT IT: If females have an XX genotype and can only give X genes, which parent is the one that determines whether the baby is a boy or girl? X y Father ; The mother always gives an X If the father gives a y, it’s a boy. If the father gives an X; it’s a girl.

Gg G GGGg g gg G is dominant for green pods. g is recessive for yellow pods. What is the genotype of the offspring in the shaded box? Gg What is the phenotype of the offspring in the shaded box? Green pods

Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? mitosis Independent assortment_____________ happens Divides just once_______________ Testes and ovaries do it ____________ Makes cells identical to parent cell __________________ meiosis mitosis

Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? mitosis Makes 4 daughter cells ______________ Makes diploid cells _______________ Copies DNA every __________________ time it divides Used to make gametes ______________ Meiosis mitosis meiosis

This spot that holds the 2 chromatid copies together is called a ______________________ centromere The phase of the cell cycle in which cells grow and DNA gets replicated. Interphase – G 1, S and G 2

Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? meiosis Makes 2n cells ______________ Crossing over happens _______________ Used when organisms __________________ grow bigger Used in sexual reproduction ___________ mitosis meiosis

Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS? meiosis Makes 2 daughter cells ______________ Makes haploid cells _______________ Divides twice but copies DNA once __________________ Used to repair injuries ______________ mitosis meiosis mitosis

Type of cell division shown meiosis Body organ where you would expect to see the above happen Ovary or testes