LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall1 10th LHC electronics workshop Boston September 2004 Organisers Harvard University Boston University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Chair John Oliver (Harvard)

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall2 LECC mandate Director of Research for Collider Physics and the Management of the Experimental Physics Division set up the LHC Electronics Coordinating Committee (2001) Successor to LERB and LEB Present chairperson: Lucie Linssen Identify and implement common solutions for the electronics of the LHC experiments wherever possible. Review and recommend support for the LHC experiments. Facilitate the design, fabrication, testing, commissioning and maintenance of electronics for the LHC experiments. Organize an annual LHC Electronics Workshop

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall3 Previous LHC Electronics workshops 1995 Lisbon Portugal 1996Balaton Hungary 1997LondonUK 1998RomeItaly 1999SnowmassUSA 2000CracowPoland 2001StockholmSweden 2002ColmarFrance 2003AmsterdamHolland 2004BostonUSA Second time in non-European location

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall4 Special factors in 2004 In USA university terms begin in early September Conference location must be commercial site Both Snowmass (1999) and Boston (2004) hired hotel and had to purchase most facilities Boston is an expensive city for hotels Majority of participants are usually from Europe Despite important US contributions to LHC electronics R&D activities declining as LHC construction is main activity R&D for sLHC still at an early stage Consequences Some impact on attendance

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall5 Participation US attendance, including invited speakers, increases when conference in US But offset by diminished number from Europe

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall6 Contents of workshops Main features Overviews of technology developments & topical issues Presentations from LHC electronics projects Printed proceedings within 4-6 weeks of workshop also available via Web since 1999 Discussion Evolution Regular reports from some projects (never static) Early years had strong focus on R&D with many unknowns Eg commercial rad-hard electronic technologies Presently more emphasis on board level electronics

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall7 Organisation 2004 Local organisersScientific organisation John Oliver, ChairJ. ChristiansenCERN George BrandenburgP. FarthouatCERN Peter FisherF. FormentiCERN Eric Hazen G. HallImperial College Ed Kearns M. LetherenCERN Robyn Lynn SimpsonC. ParkmanCERN Frank TaylorE. PetroloINFN, Rome S. QuintonRAL V. RadekaBNL Proceedings P. SharpCERN Sandra Claude, CERN W. SmithWisconsin M. TuralaINP Cracow V. VuilleminCERN (L LinssenCERN)

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall8 Presentations and Proceedings Statistics 10+ invited plenary talks (6 in proceedings) [2003: 11] 60 parallel session talks (54 in proceedings) [2003: 65] 21 posters[2003: 18] Proceedings: CERN (bit later than usual) Presentations also available

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall9 Finances As usual the Workshop self-financing but more risk than usual for reasons explained We are very grateful for support from The local institutes CERN - especially proceedings and poster Industrial exhibitors and sponsors CAEN spa Wiener Plein and Baus Ltd Universal Voltronics LeCroy Corporation

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall10 Plenary talks The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope projec t C. Stubbs Harvard High luminosity upgrades of the LHC machineO. Bruning CERN Front-End Electronics for Linear Collider DetectorsB. Schumm Santa Cruz BTeV electronics J. Butler FNAL Field Programmable Gate Arrays in 2004 P. Alfke Xilinx Corp Enabling Technologies for High Performance Chip Scale Packaging T. Buck DDI Corp LHC Optical links: experience from CMS and prospects F. Vasey CERN Trigger and Data Acquisition for the Super LHC W Smith Wisconsin Fundamental discontinuities in silicon technology; Examples, consequences, and outlook for the future B. Meyerson IBM Giga-channel FFT microwave spectrometers and pixilated nanosecond optical staring arrays: Some SETI technology P. Horowitz Harvard

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall11 Comments on plenary talks Very high quality Several exceptional - and inspirational - speakers Benefited from US location - and local and committee contacts Important messages from machine (Oliver Bruning) For future, sLHC will be challenging Beam structure not yet fixed but 80MHz almost excluded a clearer picture of LHC commissioning is emerging Response from electronic community Need to stay abreast of machine plans - and dialogue needed Machine operation in early phase impacts electronic commissioning SLHC choices need input from electronics superbunch operation undesirable A snapshot of a few highlights…

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall12 FPGA & Board technology talks Highly complementary messages from industry experts Speed increasing Feature size decreasing Requirements on technology become more demanding Impedances, complexity, component size and density New materials and regulations Many such boards in use in LHC experiments Scale of production from few to a few hundred boards Packaging technology closely related to FE hybrids HEP expectations deviate from industry standards Eg use of unpackaged components, via sizes, ….

13 LHC Boston Sept 04 PA FPGA State of the Art nanometer manufacturing technology Ten Gigahertz serial I/O (SerDes) in silicon 0.07 femtosecond asynchronous data capture window causes 1.5 ns metastable delay P Alfke

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall14 Board technology Large boards are complex, with many layers, so expensive and risky without careful attention PWB = Printed Wiring Board

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall15 Some of this is familiar…

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall16 ASICs Parallel meeting on ASIC strategy for future As explained last year, HEP depends on ASIC technology We are forced to follow industry trends eg 0.25µm CMOS available until ~2009 Successful CERN-managed common MPW runs and contract Concern about future access and cost Characterisation and circuit development with new constraints needs several years New design tools have to be used View from industry…

17 LHC Boston Sept 04 PA ASICs Are Losing Ground Mask set >$1M + design + verification + risk : ASICS are only for extreme designs: Extreme volume, speed, size, low power Source:IBM P Alfke Some HEP requirements fit this category

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall18 Fundamental discontinuities in silicon technology - outlook for the future Dr. Bernard S. Meyerson, IBM Fellow Chief Technologist IBM Systems and Technology Group CMOS scaling paradigm is breaking down Moore’s law requires constant power density- not just size reduction Size scaling gets constantly harder (physics!) Manufacturers have tweaked circuits to gain competitive edge Result: excessive power consumption & failure of notable projects New technologies will emerge but CMOS will remain for some years Future: more intelligence inside chips to moderate power usage “innovation has overtaken scaling as driver of semiconductor technology performance” cf well written code in days of limited memory and processor speed Manufacturer investments growing even larger Trend for global collaboration will continue Some lessons for other fields are apparent

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall19 Optical technology Now a key underpinning technology Francois Vasey (CERN) What are lessons from LHC developments in CMS? What are the most relevant future developments? Another fast moving field where HEP must follow trends

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall20 Optical technology lessons

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall21 Optical conclusions

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall22 Conclusions from workshop Successful and interesting conference Important messages from LHC machine and industry complemented by important messages from HEP speakers For the future Would like to encourage true workshop format & stimulate discussion and feedback Maintain and increase dialogue with machine ASIC and optical technology should feature strongly Now planning for 2005

LHCC February 2005Geoff Hall23 11th LHC electronics workshop Heidelberg, Germany September 2005 Organisers Ulrich Uwer (Chair) K.Meier M.Schmelling K.Sparenberg U.Trunk