Spain Claims an Empire p.61-66 Chapter 2 Section 1 Spain Claims an Empire p.61-66

Warm Up Questions What factors allowed Spain to emerge as the world power? How has religion played an important role in shaping the world culture? Why did Spain and Portugal want to control territory in the Americas?

Dividing the World

Line of Demarcation 1493 Boundary established by Pope Alexander VI on May 4, 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the New World. A line drawn on a map Portugal= all non-christian lands to the east Spain= claim all non-christian lands to the west Who got the better of this deal??

Line of Demarcation 1493-1494

Treaty of Tordesillas Huh??? Portugal was upset over the amount of land Spain received--met and agreed to shift the Line of Demarcation Fixed problems the Line of Demarcation caused-- Or did it?? Obviously, these countries did not explore much!!!

Line of Demarcation 1493-1494

Dividing the World Do you have a problem with this??? Two countries are dividing up the world among themselves!!! What gave them the right to do this??? What power did they have that other nations would allow this to happen? Is this happening in today’s world??

Mercantilism Increase the wealth of a country Favorable balance between imports and exports The goal: have more exports than imports Why is this important? Colonies helped: They were highly profitable Provided gold and silver Produced crops (trade for gold and silver) Served as a market The NEED for wealth fueled exploration

Explorers and Conquistadors

Amerigo Vespucci (1454-1512) Italian sailor, and one of the early explorers of the New World He helped Columbus get ships ready for his second and third voyages A skilled navigator: voyages to Central and South America (1497-1504) One of the first explorers to come up with the idea of a "New World" :not part of Asia as Columbus thought German mapmaker--Martin Waldseemuller--named the new continent “America” after Vespucci North and South America were named in his honor

Vespucci’s Routes

Amerigo Vespucci

Vasco Nunez de Balboa (1475-1519) Spanish conquistador (means conqueror in Spanish) First European to see the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean Sailed from Spain to Colombia, South America Searched for pearls and gold along the northern coast of South America Balboa founded a colony, the first European settlement in South America - the town of Santa Maria de la Antigua del Darien Balboa was the first European to see the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean: claimed all the land (and ocean) for Spain With his men, fought and killed many natives Francisco Pizarro was one of his men

Balboa’s Routes

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521) Portuguese explorer First to lead an expedition to circumnavigate the world (sail around it) Named the Pacific Ocean (means peaceful) He sailed first for Portugal, but a dispute with the Portuguese king turned him against Portugal: Then sailed for Spain Was killed in a battle with natives Never made it all the way around the world--but he is given credit for it: Why?? Part of his crew made it back

Magellan’s Routes

Ferdinand Magellan

Hernando Cortes (1485-1547) Spanish conquistador: The “conqueror of Mexico”: Nicknamed “Killer” Started out studying law: but sought adventure Entered the military--became a skillful strategist and explorer Encountered the Aztecs, and their king Montezuma When Cortes got to Mexico, he tricked the Aztecs into giving him gold: They thought he was their god---why?? Captured Montezuma, and forced him to give them gold A war began--La Noche Triste--Montezuma was killed by his own brother (struck by a stone) Cortes’ army had well-armed men, 550 conquistadors, 300 Native allies (who were the Aztecs enemy), and a dozen horses They defeated close to 500,000 Aztecs, and captured the capital city Tenochtitlan--What helped Cortes defeat the Aztecs?? Technology and disease

Hernando Cortes

Cortes and Montezuma

Cortes’ Routes

Tenochtitlan Was the capital city of the Aztecs, built in the center of Lake Texcoco At it’s height, the city had a population of over 250,000 people The city flourished until the year 1521 when Hernandez Cortes and his Spanish army invaded and captured the city “They did this because the Aztecs fought only with lances and swords unlike the Spanish who had crossbows, and armor-clad horses.  The Spanish also had two other advantages: a lot of tactical skills on behalf of Cortes and smallpox, which devastated the Aztec population” Cortes destroyed the city and constructed the new Spanish capital on top of the ruins: Called Mexico City the Spanish destroyed most of the art of the Aztecs in the name of Christianity.

Ruins of Tenochtitlan

Ruins of Tenochtitlan

Map of Tenochtitlan

Francisco Pizarro (1478-1541) Spanish conquistador: related to Hernando Cortes Traveled mainly to west coast of South America Was 1st mate on Balboa’s voyages through Panama He heard rumors about a wealthy group of natives “Discovered” the Incan empire in 1527: They feared him at first---why?? Their ruler Atahualpa said not to fight--at first Incas realized Pizarro was not a god; fought and killed many of his men Pizarro had revenge: regrouped with a large army and captured Atahualpa Held him for ransom: demanded 1 room filled with gold and 2 filled with silver Incas did this, and he still killed Atahualpa With Atahualpa dead, the Incan empire collapsed Spain called this area, Peru

Pizarro cont.. Pizarro was murdered by a vengeful son (Almagro’s son) Pizarro, besides conquering Peru, also got Ecuador and Columbia for Spain Spain acquired huge amounts of land in the “new world” The main reason Pizarro was sent to explore was for conquest The remaining Incas  were converted to Catholicism Spain was the greatest country in the world, due to all these expeditions

Pizarro’s Routes

Francisco Pizarro

Huge Global Problem? Christianity For all the good the religion has done, it does have a shady past Each expedition to the “New World” contained missionaries People sent to convert the natives to christianity These missionaries destroyed the culture of natives, claiming their beliefs were blasphemy!! This is why we have little to no records of the Incas and the Aztecs What was lost???

Mayan Culture

Incan Culture

Aztec Culture

Why did Spain become the global power? 1. Spread of European disease killed millions of Native Americans: weakened resistance 2. Spain had the superior technology: guns and other weapons 3. Spain made strategic alliances with Native American tribes--”The enemy of my enemy is mine.”