Chapter 18 Characteristics of water… Frozen water = ice

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 18 Characteristics of water… Frozen water = ice Liquid water = water Water as a gas = water vapor

Melting Evaporation Condensation Sublimation Deposition Freezing Ice to water Water to water vapor Water vapor to water Ice to water vapor Water vapor to ice Water to ice

Humidity Specific humidity Relative humidity Water vapor in the air The grams of water in the air (not really used) The % of water vapor in the air

If the humidity is 50%……… Warm air holds MORE moisture than cold air Then the air is “holding” 50% of what it can possibly hold

What happens at 100% humidity? Psychrometer Condensation (NOT RAIN!!!) Measures the humidity in the air

Dew Dew Point Water vapor that has condensated on the ground The temperature at which the air can no longer “hold” the water vapor and it condenses on the ground

Condensation nuclei Dust or small particles floating in the air that water vapor will condense on …helps to form fog

Frost When the dew point is below freezing, water vapor DEPOSITS on the ground as frost………..it is not frozen dew

Sublimation……… When there is frost on the ground and the temperature rises above freezing, the frost SUBLMATES straight to water vapor

Fog Radiation fog Advection Fog A low cloud Clear night, warm ground loses heat to the cool air……especially over a body of water Moist, warm air blows over a cool surface (like a fog over snow)

18.2 – Types of Clouds Clouds A collection of cooled water at any level of the troposphere

Stratus Cumulus Nimbus cirrus Sheets/layers Puffy Rain Wispy/horse tails (very high and mostly ice)

cumulonimbus Thunderstorm cloud Anvil shaped

Formation of clouds occurs at the condensation level…. Air is cool enough for the water vapor to condense and begin to form clouds

18.3 Precipitation Rain Hail Freezing Rain Sleet Snow Water Only from t-storm clouds (Ice) Rain that freezes when it contacts the earth’s surface Ice Crystallized water

Windward vs. Leeward

Windward Leeward Rising airs cools, condensates in a clouds then precipitates…………. Dry - desert