Grammar The Passive Voice

语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态： 主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是 动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作 的承受者。 1 ） We use electricity to run machines. （主动语态） 2 ） Electricity is used to run machines. （被动语态）

时间 现在 过去 一般时进行时 完成时 be done be being done be done be being done 将来 will / shall be done Will / shall have been done have been done had been done would / should be done would / should have been done

1. 若宾语补足语是不带 to 的不定式，变为被动语态 时，该不定式前要加 “to” 。此类动词为感官动词 : feel, hear, listen to, look at, observe, see, notice, watch; make, let, have 等。 The teacher made me go out of the classroom. --> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). We saw him play football on the playground. --> He was seen to play football on the playground. 几种特殊情况：

2. 情态动词 + be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。 Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 3. 短语动词的被动语态 短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词， 后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如： 1 ） All the rubbish should be got rid of. 2) This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown. 3) My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 4) Such a thing has never been heard of before..

4. 不用被动语态的情况 1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态： appear, die, disappear, end (vi. 结束 ), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place… eg: After the fire, very little remained in my house.

比较： rise, fall, happen 是不及物动词； raise, seat 是及 物动词。 The price has been risen. The price has risen. The accident was happened last week. The accident happened last week. The price has raised. The price has been raised. Please seat. Please be seated. (F) (T) (F)

5. 主动形式表示被动意义 (1).wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write The book sells well. 这本书销路好。 This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。

2) 在 need, require, want, worth ( 形容词 ) 后的动名词 必须用主动形式。 The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 3) 特殊结构： make sb. heard / understood ( 使别人能听见 / 理解自己 ) ， have sth. done ( 要某人做某事 ) 。

(1)The police found that the house ____and a lot of things _________. A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into ; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen (2)---Have you moved into the new house? ---Not yet. The rooms _________. A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting D A

(3)If city noises ______ from increasing, people ______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A.are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep ; will have to D.do not keep ; have to (4) I need one more stamp before my collection _______. A.had completed B. completes C. has completed D.is completed A D

(5) ---______ the sports meet might be put off. ---Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told (6)The math problem ______ among the students soon. A. is about to be discuss B. is going to be discussed C. is to discuss D. is going to have been discussed A B

(7)---Harry! You ______ on the phone. ---Oh, _______. Thank you. A are wanted; I come B. are wanted; I’m coming C. are being wanted ; I come D.are being wanted; I’m coming (8) My sister wants to work in a power plant which _____ still_______. A is ; being built B. is ;building C. is; to be built D. has ; been built B A