2. Module 4 Great Inventions Unit 3 Language practice

3. Language practice Paper and printing have been used for ages. The battery hasn’t been changed for a couple of months. Has it been published yet? Information can be kept on CD-ROMs. Books could only be produced one at a time. Can books be replaced by computers? 现在完成时的被动语态： have/has （ not ） been + 过去分词 情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词（ not ） + be + 过去分词

4. 一般现在时 —— am ／ is ／ are + 动词的过去分词 一般过去时 —— was ／ were + 动词的过去分词 一般将来时 —— will be ／ be going to be + 动词的过去分词 情态动词 —— aux.v. (must ／ can ／ could ／ may… + be + 动词的过去分词 现在进行时 —— be(am 、 is 、 are)+being + 动词的过去分词 现在完成时 —— have ／ has +been+ 动词的过去分词 被动语态的构成： be + 动词的过去分词 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 。 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要 指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的 承受者时，要用被动语态。

5. 表格：被动态基本结构 时态被动语态结构 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 am/is/are done was/were done am/is/are being done was/were being done shall/will be done would be done have/has been done had been done

6. 主动语态如何改成被动语态？ 1. 主动语态的宾语改成被动语态的主语。 2. 主动语态的谓语动词改成被动语态的谓语动词。 do 3. 注意保持时态和人称的一致。 4. 带双宾的谓语动词有两种改法。当把直接宾语改成主语 时，谓语动词后必须加适当的介词 : to for. 如： give be given to 此类动词还有： pass show send… 再如： buybe bought for 此类动词还有： make draw cook mend… 5. 一些动词不定式在主动语态中省略 to 作宾语补足语，改成被 动语态时， to 必须还原。 be done 注 :1. 不及物动词（ vi.) 不用被动语态。如 :happen 、 take place 、 appear 、 disappear…

7. 几种特殊结构 1.My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday ． 2.We often hear him play the guitar ． I was given a gift on my birthday ． A gift was given to me on my birthday. He is often heard to play the guitar 注意： see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make, listen to, look at 等动词 / 短语后作宾语补 语的不定式都不带 to ；但改成被动语态后必 须带 to 。

8. A recorder is used in our English class every day. recorder English class Let‘s practice ！！

9. use …for Often play Football is played all over the world. A camera is used for taking photos. Let‘s practice ！！

10. rob yesterday send up last year A man-made satellite was sent up into space last year. A bank was robbed yesterday. Let‘s practice ！！

11. must plant cover with in a few years’time The tree must be planted on the ground. The ground will be covered with trees in a few years’ time. Let‘s practice ！！

12. send to right now a tall give soon They will be sent to the hospital right now. A talk will be given soon.

13. dig The earth is being dug now. eat up already The food has been eaten up already.

14. Exercises Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words. 1.I think one day books may ___________(place) completely. 2. My bike _____________(leave) at school, so I have to take the bus to school today. 3. The battery ___________________(charge) yet. How can I use my recorder. 4. Paper should not _________(throw) away. 5. Books and other material can _____________(borrow) from the library. 6. I’ve bought a second-hand MP3 player—and about 1,000 songs have _________________(download) onto it! 7. Has the computer ________________(repair) yet? I need to write my article with it. 8. What have ________________(turn on)? The radio. be borrowed has been left hasn’t been charged be thrown be placed been downloaded been turned on been repaired

15. Exercises Complete the quiz questions and choose the correct answer. 1.Who/ pyramids/ build? Who were the pyramids built by? a) The Egyptians b) The Ancient Greeks c) The Romans 2. What/ use/ to make paper since the 19th century? a) Wood b) Silk c) Cotton 3.Where/ the story of Romeo and Juliet / set? a) In New York b) In Athens c) In London 4.where/ the world’s oldest book printed on paper/ discover? a) In India b) In Chinac) In Egypt 5.How long/ computers/ use? a) For less than 50 years. b) For 50 years c) For more than 50 What was used to make paper since the 19th century? Where was the story of Romeo and Juliet set?

16. Exercises Make questions and write answers. What/ shouldn’t /do/with paper? (waste) --What shouldn’t be done with paper? --It shouldn’t be wasted. 1.what/can/use/to make paper? (many things) 2.What/ might/use/to replace books one day? (computers) 3.how/must/printers/keep? (in good conditions) 4.Where/can/music/keep? (on MP3 players)

17. How has the place changed? Use these words: add, change, open, paint, put, turn on, take away, The window The cap The light The basketball The sweater The painting Two chairs The books The dishes have/has been

18. Exercises Complete the passage with the correct form of the words. From about 500 BC, pens __________ for writing. The feathers of large birds ___________ and dried. The point of each feather was sharpened. Then people used them to write with ink. Many famous works, such as Shakespeare’s plays, ___________ with these pens. Then in the 18th century, A pen with a steel writing point ____________ Only a few words could ___________, however, before the writer had to fill the pen with ink again. Many years later, the fountain pen ____________ from these early pens. In 1950, a European called Laszlo Biro invented the ballpoint pen. The popularity of writing _________quickly with the ___________ of the ballpoint pen. Even today, ballpoint pen, or Biros, as they _____________, are much less expensive, compared with the fountain pens. were used were cleaned were written was invented call, clean, develop, introduce, invent, produce, spread, use, write spread was developed are called introduction were produced

19. Exercises Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box. 1. Could you imagine a digital image of Yao Ming on the wall _____________ a poster? 2. Things made _____________ are usually more expensive than those produced in factories. 3. ____________ how old books are actually downloaded onto computers… 4. I haven’t seen my best friend________________! 5. We’re using too much paper. ____________, I’m going to read all my magazines online. rather than by hand from now on for ages by hand, for ages, from now on, I wonder, rather than I wonder

20. Around the world E-book As we can send mail by email, we can read books by e-book now. E-books first appeared in the 1990s and have made great improvement in technology. Notes can be written on the e-book, new books can be easily downloaded from the Internet, and it’s much Easier and quicker to search for passages. What’s More, a lot of paper will be saved. Nowadays, the most Advanced e-book is about 620g, 18cm long, 12cm wide and 2cm thick. It looks like a real book. But the E-book is more expensive than paper books, so not many people can afford it. However, with the rapid progress of electronic technology, the e-book will become more convenient and cheaper. It is said that in the near future, there will be more e-books than paper books.

21. Module task Discuss how to improve inventions

22. Good-bye