MAKE A NEW ENTRY TITLED- How Energy is Changed-11/8 SHORT CHECKUP ON CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND ENERGY TRANSFORMATION ON WEDNESDAY QUIZ/TEST ON ALL FOOD FOR ANIMALS STUFF ON TUESDAY AFTER LONG WEEKEND (11/15)

CELLULAR RESPIRATION CLIP RELEASING CHEMICAL ENERGY CLIP

Energy transformations Marshmallow burned—thermal (heat) energy was released We said energy was “released” from the marshmallow—but all the molecules/atoms could be accounted for—so where in the marshmallow did the energy come from? When the bonds of sugar were broken and reformed making CO 2 and H 2 O– energy was released

So…the energy was in the bonds of the molecules The chemical energy of the sugar molecules was released as thermal energy So, did the C, H, and O atoms turn into energy when the sugar was burned? So where is the sugar? In our body, this process is called CELLULAR RESPIRATION and happens in CELLS

LIGHT ENERGY INPUT CHEMICAL ENERGY OUTPUT MORE stored energy Glucose Carbon dioxide LESS stored energy

LIGHT ENERGY INPUT CHEMICAL ENERGY OUTPUT MORE stored energy Glucose Carbon dioxide LESS stored energy

Carbon cycles between carbon dioxide and glucose as light energy is converted into chemical energy LIGHT ENERGY INPUT CHEMICAL ENERGY OUTPUT

WE HAVE TWO MAJOR IDEAS IN THIS UNIT (HOW WE USE FOOD) 1) GROWTH FROM FOOD—DIGESTION- CIRCULATION- REASSEMBLY, TIME 0-4 ACTIVITY, YOUR TURN HW

2) ENERGY FROM FOOD— part A CELLULAR RESPIRATION-MATTER IS CONSERVED WHEN BONDS OF THE FOOD MOLECULES ARE BROKEN AND ENERGY IS RELEASED part B HOW THE CHEMICAL ENERGY IS CHANGED/TRANSFORMED INTO A TYPE WE CAN USE TO POWER OUR CELLS (KINETIC)

In COMBUSTION (sugar burning), we saw that heat was produced Our usual body temp—37 C Room temp is about 25 C How could you use those two facts as evidence that we produce thermal energy? What other evidence can you think of that thermal energy is produced in our bodies?

Any similarities between the processes we do and the burning of the marshmallow? CELLULAR RESPIRATION is very similar to the marshmallow burning—same inputs and outputs Glucose and O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O and ENERGY About 60% of the energy released during CELLULAR RESPIRATION is released as thermal energy. The other 40% is available to the cell as usable energy for the activities that cells perform.

CHEMICAL ENERGY 40 THERMAL ENERGY ATP IN A CELL CHEMICAL ENERGY

Building glucose requires energy as an INPUT Glucose Carbon dioxide molecules

Breaking glucose releases energy as an OUTPUT Kinetic energy 60% will be lost right away as heat/thermal and 40% will be converted to a “useful” form of energy--ATP

SO…WHAT IS ATP? ATP IS ACTUALLY OUR ENERGY MOLECULE—NOT FOOD- EVEN THOUGH WE SAY FOOD IS OUR ENERGY WHY ATP? SODA MACHINE ANALOGY 1 GLUCOSE= 38 ATP’S

In your body, there is actually a step between the chemical energy in glucose being transferred to useful kinetic energy in a muscle cell. Instead, your body first uses the chemical energy in glucose to build a molecule called ATP

What is ATP? Tri (3) “T” ADENOSINE “A” PHOSPHATE “P”

ATP and energy used by cells Cells use energy stored in the form of a molecule called ATP All other sources of energy must be converted and stored in molecules of ATP to be used by cells

P ADENOSINE “A” PHOSPHATE “P”

P Adenosine (A) 1 phosphate (P) “mono-phosphate”

P PP Adenosine (A) 2 phosphates (P) “di-phosphate” Adenosine (A) 1 phosphate (P) “mono-phosphate”

PPP PPP Adenosine (A) 3 phosphates (P) “tri-phosphate” Adenosine (A) 2 phosphates (P) “di-phosphate” Adenosine (A) 1 phosphate (P) “mono-phosphate”

PPPPPP AMP “mono-phosphate” ATP “tri-phosphate” ADP “di-phosphate”

Note: you do NOT need to memorize names of these molecules PPP ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) The molecular diagrams and names are to help you visualize the processes and help you put the concepts into a context

Building ATP requires energy as an INPUT PPP

Breaking ATP releases energy as an OUTPUT PPP Kinetic energy

ATP has more stored energy (potential energy) than ADP PPP MORE stored energy

ATP has more stored energy (potential energy) than ADP PPP LESS stored energy

ATP has more stored energy (potential energy) than ADP PPPPPP ATP ADPP + MORE stored energy LESS stored energy

PPP PPP CHEMICAL ENERGY INPUT ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORK OUTPUT MORE stored energy ATP ADP P+ LESS stored energy

ATP cycles between ADP and ATP as chemical energy is converted into energy for cellular work PPP PPP CHEMICAL ENERGY INPUT ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORK OUTPUT

LIGHT ENERGY INPUT CHEMICAL ENERGY OUTPUT MORE stored energy Glucose Carbon dioxide LESS stored energy

PPP PPP CHEMICAL ENERGY INPUT ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORK OUTPUT MORE stored energy ATP ADP P+ LESS stored energy

LIGHT ENERGY CHEMICAL ENERGY Glucose Carbon dioxide PPP PPP ENERGY FOR CELLULAR WORK ATP ADP P+ Matter cycles as energy is transformed CO 2 Glucose ADP + P ATP Photosynthesis

Show the transfer of stored chemical energy in glucose to useful/kinetic energy in a muscle cell Glucose Chemical Energy Muscle Cell

S how the transfer of stored chemical energy in glucose all the way into the environment as thermal energy: START WITH GLUCOSE—THEN THE 40%-(TO THERMAL Glucose Chemical Energy ATP in Muscle Cell Chemical Energy Muscle Cell Kinetic Muscle/ Environment Thermal

PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: ENERGY IN CELLULAR RESPIRATION 1)How much energy was immediately released to the environment as thermal energy? ______% 2)How much energy was transformed into useful energy (ATP)? ______% 60 40

3) Where was the energy stored to begin with? 4) Where does all the energy ultimately end up? In the BONDS of GLUCOSE In the ENVIRONMENT as HEAT

Glucose Chemical Energy Environment Thermal ATP in Muscle Cell Chemical Energy Muscle Cell Kinetic Muscle/ Environment Thermal