What challenges do Washington & Adams face as President? Launching the New Nation

1792 Election Results Washington

Washington’s Administration ( ) Vice president (2 nd place finisher) - John Adams 2. Secretary of State (foreign affairs) – Thomas Jefferson 3. Secretary of Treasury (manage finances)– Alexander Hamilton 4. Secretary of War (military matters) – Henry Knox Washington chooses advisors (Cabinet)

The Supreme Court is Established Judiciary Act of 1789 estab. the Supreme Court, federal circuit & district courts allowed state court decisions to be appealed to a federal court

Hamilton v. Jefferson HamiltonJefferson Political PartyFederalistDemocratic- Republican Major WritingFederalist PapersDeclaration of Independence National BankFavored – Fed gov will fund & print money Claimed it to be unconstitutional Economic Theory shipping & manufacturing – pay Fed & State debts Agricultural, pay only fed debt FearsMob ruleAbsolute power Supporters N., Wealthy/Mid class S., Farmers, poor

Hamilton’s Economic Plan Wanted National Bank Dem-Reps: not in constitution! Passes Congress w/ a 20-year charter Fed Gov & investors would fund the bank, which would issue paper money & collect taxes. US can pay off its debts

The Whiskey Rebellion, 1794 Hamilton pushes a tax on Whiskey Whiskey producers in W. Penn refuse to pay, attack tax collectors Washington leads 13K troops to end the conflict Sig: Fed Gov has authority to collect taxes

International Issues 2. Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) Spain agrees to give up all land east of Mississippi, except Florida, and access to Mississippi River + New Orleans Let’s stay neutral! Help us! No! Help us! : Britain & France at war Dem-Reps say join w/ France, Feds say join w/ Britain, Washington keeps US neutral

End of an era Washington gives up Presidency after two terms Election of John Adams 1796: Adams barely beats JeffersonAdamsJefferson Frees all of his slaves upon death (shortly after leaving office) Who replaces Washington? Adams or Jefferson

Alien & Sedition Acts Immigrants favor Dem-Reps, critical of Adams Jefferson & Madison say Adams misusing his power VA & KY Resolutions nullify Alien and Sedition Acts (against 1 st Amend) Can states use nullification against unconstitutional federal laws?? Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions Adams has Congress pass new laws: 1) Citizenship raised from 5 to 14 years 2) Jailing/deportation of “undesirables”