Regents Biology

Carbohydrates: OH H H HO CH 2 OH H H H OH O _________________

Regents Biology Carbohydrates  Building block molecules = sugar sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar ____________

Regents Biology sucrose Carbohydrates  Function:  ________________  cell wall in plants  Examples  ________________ glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 starch

Regents Biology Sugars = building blocks  Names for sugars usually end in  ____________ OH H H HO CH 2 OH H H H OH O glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 sucrose fructose maltose ________

Regents Biology Building carbohydrates  Synthesis | glucose | glucose 1 sugar = monosaccharide 2 sugars = disaccharide | maltose mono = one saccharide = sugar di = two

Regents Biology Building carbohydrates  Synthesis | fructose | glucose 1 sugar = monosaccharides | sucrose (table sugar) 2 sugars = disaccharide How sweet it is!

Regents Biology BIG carbohydrates  __________________________  __________________________  _________________  energy storage in plants ________________  _________________  energy storage in animals ________________  _________________  structure in plants ________________  _________________  structure in arthropods & fungi ________________ poly = many

Regents Biology Building BIG carbohydrates glucose + glucose + glucose… = __________ (plant) __________ (animal) energy storage _______________

Regents Biology Digesting starch vs. cellulose starch easy to digest cellulose hard to digest enzyme

Regents Biology Cellulose  Cell walls in plants  ___________________________________  most ______________________________  that’s why they __________________ to get their energy & nutrients  __________________  stays undigested  keeps material moving in your intestines

Regents Biology Different Diets of Herbivores Cow ___________ cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars Gorilla ___________ cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet

Regents Biology Helpful bacteria  How can cows digest cellulose?  bacteria live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals Eeeew… Chewing cud?

Regents Biology Let’s build some Carbohydrates!