By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:  LO1 Explain the function and purpose of the criminal justice system.  LO2 Explain the rule of law and its significance in Canadian law.  LO3 Describe the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.  LO4 Identify the procedural safeguards that exist in the criminal justice system.  LO5 Describe the due process and crime control philosophies of criminal justice.  LO6 Identify the types and categories of laws that exist in Canada.  LO7 Identify the components of the criminal just system.  LO8 Describe the relationship between the media and the criminal justice system.  LO9 Describe the way in which a criminal case is processed through the criminal justice system. Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Types Two Main Categories of Law: Common Law and Statute Law  Common Law  Not created by parliament but by previous court decisions called judicial “precedent”  Precedent is also called “stare decisis”, which means “to stand by what has been decided” Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. LAWS IN CANADA 2 LO6

Types Two Main Categories of Law: Common Law and Statute Law  Statute Law  A written piece of legislation created through the parliamentary process  Federal law is created in Ottawa, while each province or territory creates its own legislation Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. LAWS IN CANADA 3 LO6

Types Second Categorization of Law is Private Law and Public Law  Private law  Resolves disputes between two private parties (individuals or corporations)  For example, contract law, family law, estate law Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. LAWS IN CANADA 4 LO6

Types Second Categorization of Law is Private and Public Law  Public Law  In matters of public law, a prosecutor represents the state  Four types:  Criminal  Constitutional  Administrative  Civil Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. LAWS IN CANADA 5 LO6