Linear Motion Review

A girl leaves a history classroom and walks 10 meters north to a drinking fountain. Then she turns and walks 30 meters south to an art classroom. What is the girl’s total displacement from the history classroom to the art classroom? (A) 20 m south (C) 40 m south (B) 20 m north (D) 40 m north (A) 20 m south

A child walks 5. 0 meters north, then 4. 0 meters east, and finally 2 A child walks 5.0 meters north, then 4.0 meters east, and finally 2.0 meters south. What is the total distance the child travels? (A) 1.0 m (B) 5.0 m (C) 3.0 m (D) 11.0 m (D) 11.0 m

A child walks 5. 0 meters north, then 4. 0 meters east, and finally 2 A child walks 5.0 meters north, then 4.0 meters east, and finally 2.0 meters south. What is the magnitude of the resultant displacement of the child after the entire walk? (A) 1.0 m (B) 5.0 m (C) 3.0 m (D) 11.0 m (B) 5.0 m

On a highway, a car is driven 80 kilometers during the first 1 On a highway, a car is driven 80 kilometers during the first 1.00 hour of travel, 50 kilometers during the next 0.50 hour, and 40 kilometers in the final 0.50 hour. What is the car’s average speed for the entire trip? (A) 45 km/h (B) 60. km/h (C) 85 km/h (D) 170 km/h (C) 85 km/h

The speed of an object undergoing constant acceleration increases from 8.0 m/s to 16.0 m/s in 10 seconds. What is the acceleration? (A) 8.0 × 10-2 m/s2 (B) 8.0 × 10-1 m/s2 (C) 8.0 × 100 m/s2 (D) 8.0 × 101 m/s2 (B) 8.0 × 10-1 m/s2

Acceleration due to gravity is approximately what value? A) 12 m/s2 B) 9.8 m/s2 C) 7 m/s2 D) 0 m/s2 B

A ball thrown vertically upward reaches a maximum height of 30 meters above the surface of Earth. At its maximum height, the speed of the ball is (A) 0.0 m/s (C) 9.8 m/s (B) 3.1 m/s (D) 24 m/s 1.) zero

A ball thrown vertically upward reaches a maximum height of 30 meters above the surface of Earth. At its maximum height, the acceleration of the ball is (A) 0.0 m/s2 (C) 9.8 m/s2 (B) 3.1 m/s2 (D) 24 m/s2 C

A student throws a baseball vertically upward and then catches it A student throws a baseball vertically upward and then catches it. If vertically upward is considered to be the positive direction, which graph best represents the relationship between velocity and time for the baseball? D

A basketball player jumped straight up to grab a rebound A basketball player jumped straight up to grab a rebound. If she was in the air for 0.60 second, how high did she jump? (A) 0.45 m (B) 1.2 m (C) 0.78 m (D) 3.1 m A

The speed of a car is increased uniformly from 20 meters per second to 30 meters per second in 4.0 seconds. The magnitude of the car’s average acceleration in this 4.0-second interval is (A) 0.40 m/s2 (B) 10 m/s2 (C) 2.5 m/s2 (D) 13 m/s2 C

Which term represents a scalar quantity? (A) distance (B) force (C) displacement (D) weight A

Which vector diagram represents the greatest magnitude of displacement for an object?

(B) total displacement (C) change in momentum (D) average speed One car travels 40 meters due east in 5.0 seconds, and a second car travels 64 meters due west in 8.0 seconds. During their periods of travel, the cars definitely had the same (A) average velocity (B) total displacement (C) change in momentum (D) average speed (D) average speed

A 25-Newton weight falls freely from rest from the roof of a building A 25-Newton weight falls freely from rest from the roof of a building. What is the total distance the weight falls in the first 1.0 second? (A) 19.6 m (B) 9.8 m (C) 4.9 m (D) 2.5 m (C) 4.9 m

Nonlinear Motion and Circular Motion

A golf ball is given an initial speed of 20 m/s and returns to level ground. Which launch angle above level ground results in the ball traveling the greatest horizontal distance? (A) 60° (B) 45° (C) 30° (D) 15° (B) 45°

A projectile launched at an angle of 45° above the horizontal travels through the air. Compared to the projectile’s theoretical path with no air friction, the actual trajectory of the projectile with air friction is (A) lower and shorter (B) lower and longer (C) higher and shorter (D) higher and longer (A) lower and shorter

A ball is thrown horizontally at a speed of 24 meters per second from the top of a cliff. If the cliff is 125 m high, how much time elapses until the ball hits the ground? (A) 2.0 s (B) 5.0 s (C) 6.2 s (D) 12.5 s B

A ball is thrown horizontally at a speed of 24 meters per second from the top of a cliff. If the cliff is 125 m high, how much far from the edge of the cliff does the ball hit? (A) 24 m (B) 72 m (C) 120 m (D) 585 m C

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Newton’s Third Law For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. 22

A) the force applied to the bat by the hands Consider hitting a baseball with a bat. If we call the force applied to the ball by the bat the action force, identify the reaction force. A) the force applied to the bat by the hands B) the force applied to the bat by the ball C) the force the ball carries with it in flight D) the centrifugal force in the swing B 23

A carpenter hits a nail with a hammer A carpenter hits a nail with a hammer. Compared to the magnitude of the force the hammer exerts on the nail, the magnitude of the force the nail exerts on the hammer during contact is (A) less (B) greater (C) the same (C) the same

Inertia

rest on a plane inclined at 15° to the horizontal. A 10-kilogram block is at rest on a plane inclined at 15° to the horizontal. As the angle of the incline is increased to 30°, the mass of the block will (A) decrease (B) increase (C) remain the same (C) remain the same

A 0. 50-kilogram cart is rolling at a speed of 0. 40 meter per second A 0.50-kilogram cart is rolling at a speed of 0.40 meter per second. If the speed of the cart is doubled, the inertia of the cart is (A) halved (B) doubled (C) quadrupled (D) unchanged (4) unchanged

Net Force

A box is pushed toward the right across a classroom floor A box is pushed toward the right across a classroom floor. The force of friction on the box is directed toward the (A) left (B) right (C) ceiling (D) floor (A) left

(A) downward at constant speed (B) upward at constant speed A person is standing on a bathroom scale in an elevator car. If the scale reads a value greater than the weight of the person at rest, the elevator car could be moving (A) downward at constant speed (B) upward at constant speed (C) downward at increasing speed (D) upward at increasing speed C

F=ma

What is the weight of a 2.00-kilogram object on the surface of Earth? (A) 4.91 N (B) 2.00 N (C) 9.81 N (D) 19.6 N (D) 19.6 N

The magnitude of the acceleration of block B is (A) 6.0 m/s2 (B) 2.0 m/s2 (C) 3.0 m/s2 (D) 4.0 m/s2 (D) 4.0 m/s2

A 25-N horizontal force northward and a 35-N horizontal force southward act concurrently on a 15-kg object on a frictionless surface. What is the magnitude of the object’s acceleration? (A) 0.67 m/s2 (B) 1.7 m/s2 (C) 2.3 m/s2 (D) 4.0 m/s2 (A) 0.67 m/s2

Momentum 35

Which object has the greatest momentum? (A) a 5.00-kg mass moving at 10.0 m/s (B) a 10.0-kg mass moving at 1.00 m/s (C) a 15.0-kg mass moving at 10.0 m/s (D) a 20.0-kg mass moving at 1.00 m/s C 36

What is the speed of a 1. 0×103-kg car that has a momentum of 2 What is the speed of a 1.0×103-kg car that has a momentum of 2.0×104 kg•m/ s east? (A) 5.0 × 10–2 m/s (B) 2.0 × 101 m/s (C) 1.0 × 104 m/s (D) 2.0 × 107 m/s (B) 2.0 × 101 m/s 37

Impulse 38

A 60-kg rollerskater exerts a 10-N force on a 30-kg rollerskater for 0 A 60-kg rollerskater exerts a 10-N force on a 30-kg rollerskater for 0.20 second. What is the magnitude of the impulse applied to the 30-kg rollerskater? (A) 50 N•s (B) 2.0 N•s (C) 6.0 N•s (D) 12 N•s (2) 2.0 N•s 39

A 0.149-kilogram baseball, initially moving at 15 meters per second, is brought to rest in 0.040 second by a baseball glove on a catcher’s hand. The magnitude of the average force exerted on the ball by the glove is (A) 2.2 N (B) 2.9 N (C) 17 N (D) 56 N (D) 56 N 40

Elastic 41

At the circus, a 100-kilogram clown is fired at 15 meters per second from a 500-kilogram cannon. What is the recoil speed of the cannon? (A) 75 m/s (B) 15 m/s (C) 3.0 m/s (D) 5.0 m/s C 42

Ball A of mass 5.0 kg moving at 20 m/s collides with ball B of unknown mass moving at 10 m/s in the same direction. After the collision, ball A moves at 10 m/s and ball B at 15 m/s, both still in the same direction. What is the mass of ball B? (A) 6.0 kg (B) 2.0 kg (C) 10. kg (D) 12 kg C 43

Inelastic 44

A 3. 0-kg steel block is at rest on a friction-less horizontal surface A 3.0-kg steel block is at rest on a friction-less horizontal surface. A 1.0-kg lump of clay is propelled horizontally at 6.0 m/s toward the block. Upon collision, the clay and steel block stick together and move to the right with a speed of (A) 1.5 m/s (B) 3.0 m/s (C) 6.0 m/s (D) 2.0 m/s A 45

A 3. 1-kilogram gun initially at rest is free to move. When a 0 A 3.1-kilogram gun initially at rest is free to move. When a 0.015-kilogram bullet leaves the gun with a speed of 500 m/s, what is the speed of the gun? (A) 0.0 m/s (B) 2.4 m/s (C) 7.5 m/s (D) 500 m/s (B) 2.4 m/s 46

Work

A student does 60 joules of work pushing a 3 A student does 60 joules of work pushing a 3.0-kilogram box up the full length of a ramp that is 5.0 meters long. What is the magnitude of the force applied to the box to do this work? (A) 20 N (B) 15 N (C) 12 N (D) 4.0 N (C) 12 N

The diagram shows points A, B, and C at or near Earth’s surface The diagram shows points A, B, and C at or near Earth’s surface. As a mass is moved from A to B, 100 joules of work are done against gravity. What is the amount of work done against gravity as an identical mass is moved from A to C? (A) 100 J (B) 173 J (C) 200 J (D) 273 J (A) 100 J

Kinetic Energy

A 75-kilogram bicyclist coasts down a hill at a constant speed of 12 meters per second. What is the kinetic energy of the bicyclist? (A) 4.5 × 102 J (B) 9.0 × 102 J (C) 5.4 × 103 J (D) 1.1 × 104 J (C) 5.4 × 103 J

If the speed of a car is doubled, the kinetic energy of the car is (A) quadrupled (B) quartered (C) doubled (D) halved (A) quadrupled

Power

to lift a 50-newton weight 100 meters? A) 5 s B) 10 s C) 50 s D) 100 s A motor has an output of 1,000 watts. When the motor is working at full capacity, how much time will it require to lift a 50-newton weight 100 meters? A) 5 s B) 10 s C) 50 s D) 100 s A

Conservation of Energy

A 1-kilogram rock is dropped from a cliff 20 meters high A 1-kilogram rock is dropped from a cliff 20 meters high. The kinetic energy of the rock is approximately what value just before it hits the ground? (A) 20 J (B) 200 J (C) 700 J (D) 900 J (B) 200 J

A ball is dropped from the top of a cliff A ball is dropped from the top of a cliff. Which graph best represents the relationship between the ball’s total energy and elapsed time as the ball falls to the ground? [Neglect friction.] 4 – LEVEL ENERGY

Circular Motion

A ball attached to a string is moved at constant speed in a horizontal circular path. A target is located near the path of the ball as shown in the diagram. At which point along the ball’s path should the string be released, if the ball is to hit the target? A) A B) B C) C D) D B

An artificial satellite makes 4 complete revolutions about the Earth in 8 hours. The period of revolution of the satellite is A) ½ hour B) 2 hours C) 8 hours D) 32 hours B

Centripetal Acceleration & Force

The diagram below shows the elliptical orbit of a comet around the Sun. The magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the comet is greatest at point A) A B) B C) C D) D A

A) north B) west C) south D) east A car moves with a constant speed in a clockwise direction around a circular path of radius r, as represented in the diagram above. When the car is in the position shown, its acceleration is directed toward the A) north B) west C) south D) east D

Universal Gravitational Laws

As the distance between two objects increases, the gravitational force of attraction between them will A) decrease B) increase C) remain the same A

The diagram below Shows four different locations of a satellite in its elliptical orbit about Earth. At which location is the magnitude of the satellite’s velocity greatest? A B) B C) C D) D C

The diagram below shows the movement of a planet around the Sun. Area 1 equals area 2. Compared to the time the planet takes to move from C to D, the time it takes to move from A to B is A) less B) greater C) the same C

Electrostatics 68

When the test charge is released, it will move toward A positive test charge is placed between an electron, e, and a proton, p, as shown in the diagram below. (D) D When the test charge is released, it will move toward (A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D

(A) neutron, because it has the greatest mass In the diagram above, proton p, neutron n, and electron e are located as shown between two oppositely charged plates. The magnitude of acceleration will be greatest for the (A) neutron, because it has the greatest mass (B) neutron, because it is neutral (C) electron, because it has the smallest mass (D) proton, because it is farthest from negative plate (3) electron, because it has the smallest mass

(A) stronger and repulsive (B) weaker and repulsive Two protons are located one meter apart. Compared to the gravitational force of attraction between the two protons, the electrostatic force between the protons is (A) stronger and repulsive (B) weaker and repulsive (C) stronger and attractive (D) weaker and attractive (A) stronger and repulsive

(A) electrostatic forces between the particles of the balloon A balloon is rubbed against a student’s hair and then touched to a wall. The balloon “sticks” to the wall due to (A) electrostatic forces between the particles of the balloon (B) magnetic forces between the particles of the wall (C) electrostatic forces between the particles of the balloon and the particles of the wall (D) magnetic forces between the particles of the (3) electrostatic forces between the particles of the balloon and the particles of the wall

(A) Both forces are attractive. (B) Both forces are repulsive. Two positively charged masses are separated by a distance, r. Which statement best describes the gravitational and electrostatic forces between the two masses? (A) Both forces are attractive. (B) Both forces are repulsive. (C) The gravitational force is repulsive and the electrostatic force is attractive. (D) The gravitational force is attractive and the electrostatic force is repulsive. (4) The gravitational force is attractive and the electrostatic force is repulsive.

(C) toward the bottom of the screen (D) toward the top of the screen A beam of electrons is directed into the electric field between two oppositely charged parallel plates. The electrostatic force exerted on the electrons by the electric field is directed (A) into the screen (B) out of the screen (C) toward the bottom of the screen (D) toward the top of the screen (D) toward the top of the screen

The diagram represents the electric field surrounding two charged spheres, A and B. What is the sign of the charge of each sphere? (A) Sphere A is positive and sphere B is negative. (B) Sphere A is negative and sphere B is positive. (C) Both spheres are positive. (D) Both spheres are negative. (B) Sphere A is negative and sphere B is positive.

An electroscope is a device with a metal knob, a metal stem, and freely hanging metal leaves used to detect charges. The diagram shows a positively charged leaf electroscope. As a positively charged glass rod is brought near the knob of the electroscope, the separation of the electroscope leaves will (A) decrease (B) increase (C) remain the same

Compared to insulators, metals are better conductors of electricity because metals contain more free (A) protons (B) positive ions (C) electrons (D) negative ions C

How much work is done in moving 5 How much work is done in moving 5.0 coulombs of charge against a potential difference of 12 volts? (A) 2.4 J (B) 30. J (C) 12 J (D) 60. J D