Ethnic , Gender and Other Dialects

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Presentation transcript:

Ethnic , Gender and Other Dialects

African American English (AAE) Phonological Differences R-deletion guard = god, sore = saw, poor = pa L-deletion all = awe, help = hep Neutralization of [I and [E] before nasals (intermediate sound) pin = pen, ten = tin Loss of interdental fricatives Ruth = roof Brother = brover This = dis That = dat

Syntactic Differences Double negatives “he don’t know nothing” “he don’t got none” Deletion of the verb “to be” He is nice. = He nice. I am gonna do it. = I gonna do it. Habitual “be” Sarah is happy. = Sarah be happy. ( Sarah is a always a happy person) He is late. = He late He is always late. = He be late.

Latino/Hispanic/Chicano English Phonological Differences Substitution of the Spanish 5 vowel system for the English 11 vowel system ship & sheep = sheep rid and read = read Interchangeability of sh and ch show = cho check = sheck Devoicing some consonants easy = isi guys = gais Final consonant cluster simplification war and ward = war star and start = star Consonant substitution th = t (thin = tin) th = d (they = dey) Addition of e sound at beginning of s words school = eskool start = estart

Latino/Hispanic/Chicano English Syntactic Differences: Double negatives “he don’t know nothing” “he don’t got none” Use of more for move often Use of out from for away from

Styles and Registers Situational dialects that are used in different roles and in differing social situations. Informal vs formal EG. Tu vs usted in Spanish Motherese with young children

Slang An informal set of alternative vocabulary and/or meanings Including: Recombining existing words in new ways to create meanings (“spaced out”) Introducing new words (zonked) Attaching new meanings to existing words (“to text”)

Jargon/Argot A set of vocabulary that is used in a specified limited technical, professional or occupational context. EG. The vocabulary that you have been learning in this class that is used by specialists in Linguistics: phoneme, morpheme, phonetics, phonemics, morphology, syntax, semantics, grammar, etc.

Taboo Language vs Euphemisms Taboo = language that should not be used in polite situations Euphemism = a word that replaces a taboo or unpleasant word Class Exercise Why Use Taboo Language? Why Use Euphemisms?