Integumentary System

Organisms outer covering Varies in form but same basic function Made up of skin and its derivatives (scales, hair, nails, etc.) Largest organ

Function of the Integumentary System C L A P S

Thermoregulation Maintain homeostasis – stable internal environment – through regulating temperature Endothermic Ectothermic Warm blooded vs. cold blooded

Three Main Parts of Skin Epidermis – outermost layer of skin Dermis – under the epidermis Hypodermis/ Subcutaneous layer – lowest layer of skin, mostly loose connective tissue and adipose cells (fat)

Connective Tissue of the Skin Collagen Elastin Allow for flexibility

Melanin Pigment in skin – protection from UV rays Albinism: lack of pigment in skin/eyes

Accessory Structures Nails Hair Glands: – Sebaceous – sebum – Sweat Eccrine – “normal” sweat, most numerous, exit skin at a pore Apocrine – activated by stress, associated with hair follicles Specialized Sweat Glands: secrete ear wax (ceruminous fluid), mammary glands

Differences in Vertebrate Skin Scales – Fish (Placoid, Dermal, Cosmoid, Ganoid, Cycloid/Ctenoid) – Amphibians – Reptiles – Birds and mammals Horns and antlers Feathers

Skeletal System Goal: provide protection, support of body and organs – Provide attachment for muscles to allow for movement Origin Insertion

Skeletal System Bones have different shapes – Long bones (femur/humerus) Spongy bone and compact bone – Short bones (hands and feet) – Flat bones (skull) – Irregular bones (vertebrae)

Muscular System Goal: allow for movement, heat 3 types: skeletal, muscular, cardiac

Skeletal Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Digestive System Goal: use enzymes to break down food to make energy Starts at the mouth and ends with the anus

Respiratory System Goal: bring oxygen into the body so cellular respiration can occur – Rid body of excess carbon dioxide (waste product of cellular respiration) – Includes lungs, gills

Circulatory System Goal: transport blood throughout body – Blood carries nutrients, oxygen, waste – Includes heart, blood vessels

Nervous System Goal: regulate and coordinate all body systems, detect external stimuli, respond to stimuli Includes brain, spinal cord and associated nerves

Urogenital System Goal: rid body of waste, reproduction Includes kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra