Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Chapter 17 Career Counseling: A Holistic Approach Vernon G. Zunker

Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Career Related Programs for High School and Beyond  Career goals and competencies for high school  Group strategies for career development  Career related programs in high school  College awareness and readiness for low income students  Career and technology programs  Placement services in career centers  Career counseling programs at community colleges and universities

Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. High School  The high school years are truly a time of learning to prepare for and make important decisions about the future  The rites of passage from adolescence to young adulthood are a most relevant period of transition  Many of the concerns experienced during the middle school years can remain as obstacles to overcome in high school

Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Cognitive Development and Learning  Near the end of middle school most students have developed the ability to sort out and solve problems  The thinking process is more systematic and introspective  Generalizations are formed by experience and observations  Adolescents learn to recognize what is the expected behavior of people in their community and culture

Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Information Processing Development  As adolescents progress in their ability to process information they are able to make deliberate use of memory strategies they have learned through experience  Sophistication in processing information is usually accompanied by increased processing speed  Problem solving and reasoning ability gradually becomes adult-like as students in high school are exposed to an ever-increasing complex level of knowledge

Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Career Goals and Competencies  Counselors have at their disposal a number of references to standards, examples of program content, goals, objectives, and techniques for career development programs in schools  The role and scope of the high school counselor includes preparing students for a variety of life roles  The national standards for school counselors developed by the ASCA (2003) provide counselors with goals and competencies from which they can develop group and individual counseling strategies for high school students

Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Examples of the ASCA National Standards  Among the many career development goals and objectives for high school students are skills needed to prepare for employment  Most students can benefit from career development programs that prepare them for eventual employment  There are also many practical and straightforward learning outcomes contained in the ASCA national standards

Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. The NCDG  National Career Development Guidelines  Competency based and focused on three broad domains  Personal social development  Educational achievement  Career management  Identification of abilities, skills, and talents  Demonstrate the use of these traits  Determine how these traits can impact career development

Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Group Strategies for Addressing Career Development  Self Knowledge Strategies  Educational and Occupational Exploration Strategies  Career Planning Strategies  Overcoming gender role stereotyping problems  Career Infusion

Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Other Career Related Programs in High School  Changes have been made due to different work requirements, technology advances and global competition for manufacturing of goods  The current focus on lifelong learning has made it very clear to many high school students that education beyond high school is a must

Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. College Awareness and Readiness  This U.S. Department of Education has entered into partnerships with various state departments of education and local school districts to support programs that stress college awareness and readiness for low-income students  The rationale is that early awareness of the benefits of a college education will encourage students to make good grades in middle school as well as in high school

Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc. Placement Services  The purpose and rationale for Career Centers  A place where a student can go to get information of all kinds about careers—not just a placement center  Individual use of career information is highly personalized, and the counselor must recognize that different learning styles among clients call for flexibility in the use of career information resources