The Internationale Arise ye prisoners of starvation, Arise ye wretched of the earth, For justice thunders condemnation A better world's in birth No more tradition’s chains shall bind us Arise ye slaves, no more in thrall The earth shall rise on new foundations We have been naught, we shall be all.

The Internationale 'Tis the final conflict, let each stand in place The International working class Shall free the human race 'Tis the final conflict, let each stand in place The International working class Shall free the human race

The Internationale We want no condescending saviors To rule us from their judgment hall We workers ask not for their favors Let us consult for all To make the thief disgorge his booty To free the spirit from it's cell We must ourselves decide our duty We must decide and do it well

The Internationale 'Tis the final conflict, let each stand in place The International working class Shall free the human race 'Tis the final conflict, let each stand in place The International working class Shall free the human race

Aim: Should workers abandon efforts at reform, and seek revolution and the “dictatorship of the proletariat” instead? The theories of Karl Marx “The philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways; the point, however, is to change it.”

Theories of Karl Marx 1.All history is the history of class struggle 2.Classes have different interests; particularly the bourgeoisie and the proletariat

Theories of Karl Marx 3.As workers recognize their class interest, they organize into an “ever expanding union” of workers 4.But in the struggle for reforms, the balance of power generally lies in the hands of the capitalists and their state; therefore… 5.Working class must eliminate the capitalist class (and its government) through political and economic revolution

Theories of Karl Marx 6. The “means of production” will be placed in the hands of the state; a state ruled by workers, not bourgeoisie 7. This “dictatorship of the proletariat” is the rule of the immense majority,therefore, it is more democratic than any previous society 8. State ownership and the dictatorship of the proletariat will lead to the final elimination of classes and class struggle: to communism

The “commonsense” of communist revolution State-Building: The bourgeoisie replaced the nobility as the ruling class; we should replace the bourgeoisie Economic Systems: We can organize production without the capitalists Social Structure: We are at the bottom of the food chain; the elimination of classes helps us Culture: Everything in the world is changing; why not this?

The “commonsense” of communist revolution State-Building: The bourgeoisie has replaced the nobility as the ruling class, we should replace the bourgeoisie Economic Systems: We can organize production without the capitalist Social Structure: We are at the bottom of the food chain; the elimination of classes helps us Culture: Everything in the world is changing; why not this? The powerful hegemony of capitalist ideology: We are meant to rule; we are rational & wise vs.