Portable Patient Training Device for Lung Cancer Treatment Thomas Chia Jason Ethington Brent Geiger Kawai Chan Client: Bhudatt Paliwal, PhD Advisor: Willis Tompkins, PhD

Problem Statement Lung cancer radiation treatments require stable patient breathing Lung cancer radiation treatments require stable patient breathing A repeatable breathing trainer is desired A repeatable breathing trainer is desired Device to be used at home and be portable Device to be used at home and be portable Display patient’s real-time breathing pattern and guiding cycles Display patient’s real-time breathing pattern and guiding cycles

Tomotherapy Radiation Treatment for Cancer Radiation Treatment for Cancer 3-D Imaging of Target Tissue 3-D Imaging of Target Tissue Helical Delivery Pattern Helical Delivery Pattern Intensity Modulation Radiotherapy (IMRT) Intensity Modulation Radiotherapy (IMRT) -Multileaf Collimator (MLC) -Multileaf Collimator (MLC) Radiation Concentrates on Moving Target Tissue Radiation Concentrates on Moving Target Tissue

Monitoring Breathing Pattern Current Devices Used During Procedure Infrared Sensor and Reflector Laser and Laser Sensor Spirometer Patient Must Breathe with a Repeatable Pattern

Design Motivations and Restraints Patient Needs to Practice Steady Repeatable Breathing Show Patient’s Breathing Pattern and Guiding cycle Small and Portable User Friendly

Design Alternatives Breathing Pattern Measurement Hardware Pneumography, or Linear Potentiometer -Thermistor, Inductance Pneumography, or Linear Potentiometer Data/Signal Processing - Visual Basic vs. Labview User Interface and Display - Laptop vs. PDA

Thermistor Based Breathing Sensor Use Nasal Thermistor or Thermocouple to detect airflow Use Nasal Thermistor or Thermocouple to detect airflow Thermistor output to microcontroller for processing Thermistor output to microcontroller for processing Wireless RF to PC for long term Data Acquisition Wireless RF to PC for long term Data Acquisition Javanov et al.

Inductance Pneumography Measure changes in respiratory volume through changes in inductance Measure changes in respiratory volume through changes in inductance Small inductor wire attached across chest Small inductor wire attached across chest Measured change in inductance corresponds to amplitude of breath Measured change in inductance corresponds to amplitude of breath

Inductance Pneumography Advantages Advantages - Accurate - Minimally invasive Disadvantages Disadvantages - Measures chest movement - Prone to motion and ECG artifact - Requires proper lead placement - Complex

Linear Displacement Potentiometer Miniature linear displacement potentiometer Miniature linear displacement potentiometer Cable extension converted to analog voltage Cable extension converted to analog voltage Analog signal processing and real time display Analog signal processing and real time display

Linear Displacement Potentiometer Advantages Advantages - Small - Minimally invasive - Simple analog voltage divider output Disadvantages Disadvantages - Expensive - Requires proper placement based on breathing habits (i.e. stomach vs. chest) (i.e. stomach vs. chest)

Design Matrix Ranking on a 1- 5 scale (5 is best)

Data and Signal Processing Data Processing Data Processing - Visual Basic versus LabView program - LabView is a program designed specially for real-time data acquisition - Less complicated than Visual Basic - Able to develop stand-alone programs

User Interface and Display Laptop versus PDA / Pocket PC Laptop versus PDA / Pocket PC - Most A/D converters are compatible with laptop. - LabView program works on Laptop.

Proposed Solution

High Cost High Cost Potentiometer - $200 Potentiometer - $200 PDA or video goggle - $300+ PDA or video goggle - $300+ A/D Converter - $100 A/D Converter - $100 Piecing together hardware is straightforward Piecing together hardware is straightforward Software programming will be difficult Software programming will be difficult

Future Work Build potentiometer into small box Build potentiometer into small box Construct attachment strap Construct attachment strap Interface analog output with Labview Interface analog output with Labview Design Labview program to recognize and display analog signal Design Labview program to recognize and display analog signal Display breathing cycle waveform in real-time on laptop Display breathing cycle waveform in real-time on laptop Scale entire design to PDA Scale entire design to PDA Disclose for patent Disclose for patent

Special Thanks Prof. Willis Tompkins Bhudatt Paliwal, PhD. Tiezhi Zhang Prof. John Webster Burke O’Neal Paul Victorey