Finishing Napoleon His Government

Napoleonic Era  NAPOLEON’S RISE TO POWER – He was a military hero and seized power of the government through a coup d’etat  NAPOLEON’S GOVERNMENT – kept the form of a Republic but he was really a dictator  CONSULATE – was made up of 3 Consuls but Napoleon was the 1 st Consul

Napoleon’s Government Napoleon’s Government

Napoleon’s Government  Concordat  Official recognition that most French citizens were Catholic, but it still allowed religious freedom

Napoleon’s Government  Napoleonic Code  All French law organized under Napoleon’s direction  Think of when mom or dad says, “What I say goes!”…except for a whole country

Napoleon’s Government  Bank of France  A central bank supported by the government

Napoleon’s Government  Public Education  System of schools including high schools, universities, and technical schools to improve France’s future  Elementary education was left to the control of churches and local governments

Napoleon’s Government  Ended the Alliance of France’s Former Enemies  By 1802, Napoleon was able to either make peace with Great Britain, Austria, and Russia or get them to desert each other

Napoleon’s Empire  Look at the picture on p. 332  Why do you think Napoleon takes the crown from the Pope and puts it on himself?  Answer: To show that the power of the empire rests with Napoleon, not the Pope

Napoleon’s Empire  Why did Napoleon’s successes lead to the collapse of the coalition vs. France?  Who was in that coalition?  Answer: Great Britain, Austria, Russia vs. France and Spain; by continually winning on the battlefield the coalition collapsed

Napoleon’s Empire  Look at the map on p. 333  How did Napoleon expand France’s empire?  Answer: He used his military strength to force Austria and Prussia to sign peace treaties with him as he expanded east; Russia aligned with France  What happened to the Holy Roman Empire?  Answer: Napoleon abolished it; all of Italy was united and became part of the French Empire

 EMPEROR – 1804 – PLEBISCITE  French Empire- Emperor Napoleon I  Expansion of France – Conquered most of Continental Europe and then blockaded the British Isles which was called the Continental System  REORGANIZATION OF EUROPE – He placed members of his family on the thrones of conquered lands (for example Joseph Bonaparte became King of Spain)

 MILITARY PROBLEMS  Nationalism – Napoleons actions led to increased feelings of Nationalism in the conquered countries  PENINSULAR WAR – 1808 TO 1814 – Duke Wellington joined with Portugal and Spain; this weakened his military  CATASTROPHE IN RUSSIA – Czar Alexander I  France decided to attack Russia when the czar of Russia started trading with Britain again  France invaded Russia with 600,000 troops in 1812  Russians used a scorched-earth policy and burned Moscow after it was captured, leaving the French without housing as a harsh winter approached  Since Napoleon had already lost many soldiers to disease, cold, hunger, and battle, he ordered a retreat on October 19, 1812

The Beginning of the End  But to retreat, people have to go back where they came from—and so much had been burned down  The soldiers were without proper clothing and supplies, leading to many deaths by cold and starvation and were under attack from Russians in the countryside  This led western European monarchs to break any alliances with France  Prussia, Britain, Austria, and Russia aligned to crush France; Paris was captured in 1814 and Napoleon gave up all claims to the throne  FINAL DEFEAT – LOUIS XVIII is put on the Throne  100 DAYS – ELBA – MARCH 1, 1815  Waterloo - Duke Wellington  St. Helena

Extra Slide  Explain the Hundred Days.  Answer: Napoleon regained the faith of the French army and forced King Louis XVIII to flee.  However, Prussia, Great Britain, and the Netherlands sent armies to stop Napoleon and he was defeated for the final time on June 18, 1815