Organic Chemistry Introduction

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Presentation transcript:

Organic Chemistry Introduction Topic 10.1.9 – 10.1.13

Compounds up to 6 carbon atoms with functional groups (10.1.9) Formula Structural Formula Alcohol -OH - O – H Aldehyde -COH (on the end of a chain) O - C – H Ketone -CO- (can’t be on end of chain) - C – Carboxylic Acid -COOH (on the end of a chain) - C – O – H Halide -Br, -Cl, -F, -I - X Better slide coming up next.

Compounds up to 6 carbon atoms with functional groups (10.1.9-10) Formula Suffix (or Prefix) Alcohol -OH -ol Aldehyde -COH -al Ketone -CO- -one Carboxylic Acid -COOH -oic acid Halide -Br, -Cl, -F, -I bromo-,chloro-, fluoro-,iodo-

Know these 7, only have to recognize the 3 in the

Alcohols: suffix = “ol” 1-propanol or propan-1-ol 2-propanol or propan-2-ol 2-methyl-2-propanol or 2-methyl propan-2-ol

Aldehydes: suffix = “al” propanal Note: an aldeyhde group is always on an end carbon so don’t need a number butandianol?

Ketones: suffix = “one” propanone (don’t need C#, must be in between two carbons) butanone 2-pentanone or penta-2-one

butandione pentan-3-one

Carboxylic Acids: suffix = “oic acid” butanoic acid Note: a carboxyl is always on an end carbon propandioic acid

Halides: prefixes = “fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo” 1-bromopropane 2-chlorobutane 1,2-diiodoethane 1,2-difluoroethene 1,1,2-trifluorothene

Only identify the following functional groups in structures: (10.1.11) Formula Amine - NH2 Ester O R – C – O – R Benzene

amino, benzene ring, ester

10.1.12 Identify primary, secondary and tertiary carbon atoms in alcohols (-OH) and halogenoalkanes (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I) with reference to the carbon that is directly bonded to an alcohol group or a halogen: Primary = carbon atom is only bonded to one other carbon Secondary = carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons Tertiary = carbon atom is bonded to three other carbons

Volatility: how easily a substance turns into a gas 10.1.13 Discuss the volatility and solubility in water of compounds containing the functional groups listed in10.1.9. Volatility: how easily a substance turns into a gas the weaker the intermolecular force, the more volatile it is van der Wall’s › dipole › hydrogen bonding alkane › halogenoalkane › aldehyde › ketone › amine › alcohol › carboxylic acid

Boiling Points

Solubility: a solute’s ability to dissolve in a polar solvent (water) the more polar a substance is, the more soluble it is solubility decreases as chain length increases smaller alcohols, aldehydes, ketones & carboxylic acids are typically soluble