Overview of Final Unit (copy) French Revolution – French Revolution – Rise of the 3 rd Estate and Monarchies problems ( ) Rise of the 3 rd Estate and Monarchies problems ( ) Reign of Terror ( ) Reign of Terror ( ) Directory and Consulship ( ) Directory and Consulship ( ) Napoleon and the Building of Empire ( ) Napoleon and the Building of Empire ( )

Overview of Final Unit (continued) (copy) Reactionarism and Nationalism (1815-late 1800s) Reactionarism and Nationalism (1815-late 1800s) Age of Metternich and the Congress of Vienna Age of Metternich and the Congress of Vienna Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 and its results Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 and its results Germany and Italy – the rise of the Nation-State (1850s-1880s) Germany and Italy – the rise of the Nation-State (1850s-1880s) Western Europe vs Eastern Europe Western Europe vs Eastern Europe

Overview of Final Unit (continued) (copy) Imperialism Imperialism Causes of Imperialism and “Social Darwinism” (late 1800s and early 1900s) Causes of Imperialism and “Social Darwinism” (late 1800s and early 1900s) Forms of Imperialism throughout the Globe Forms of Imperialism throughout the Globe British Imperial Empire – Age of Victoria British Imperial Empire – Age of Victoria Responses to European Imperialism Responses to European Imperialism

L.O. Students will analyze the underlying social, political, and economic causes of the French Revolution Do Now: 1. In your opinion, what role does social order play in society? 2. In your opinion, What could cause the economy of a powerful nation to fall apart rapidly? rapidly? 3. How could a nation attempt to rectify the economic crisis it was enduring?

The French Revolution 1789

Rise of the 3 rd Estate and Monarchy’s problems ( ) (copy) King need to raise money though country is rich (cost of Wars, Versailles, other “wastes” etc.) King need to raise money though country is rich (cost of Wars, Versailles, other “wastes” etc.) Estates General is called to raise money after 250 years of absence (1 st Estate – Priests, 2 nd Estate – Nobles, 3 rd Estate – everyone else though really just Bourgeoisie) Estates General is called to raise money after 250 years of absence (1 st Estate – Priests, 2 nd Estate – Nobles, 3 rd Estate – everyone else though really just Bourgeoisie) 3 rd Estate leaves Estates General and forms its own National Assembly 3 rd Estate leaves Estates General and forms its own National Assembly National Assembly adopts Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen National Assembly adopts Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen King Louis XVI is captured and held prisoner King Louis XVI is captured and held prisoner

What were the main causes of the French Revolution? (copy) 1. System of Government 2. Social Order 3. Economic crises 4. Enlightenment Ideas 5. Weak leadership 6. The American Revolution

System of Government France was an absolute monarchy France was an absolute monarchy –Ruler has complete power over the government and lives of the people they govern –Divine right of kings

King Louis XVI Reigned

Queen Marie Antoinette

Social Order in France (copy) Ancien Regime: old order, the system of government in pre- revolution France Ancien Regime: old order, the system of government in pre- revolution France

KING FIRST ESTATE 1% SECOND ESTATE 1% THIRD ESTATE 98 % Social Order of France (copy)

The First Estate Clergy ClergyPrivileges: - Collected tithes - Paid no taxes - Bishops -Were usually wealthy appointed nobles - Parish priests were usually poor

The Second Estate Titled nobility of French society Titled nobility of French society Privelages: Privelages: – Paid no taxes – Top jobs in government, the army, the courts and the Church – Disliked losing positions to the rising bourgeoisies

The Third Estate Consisted of everyone who was not clergy or nobility Consisted of everyone who was not clergy or nobility Largest class 98% Largest class 98% Vastly diverse Vastly diverse Bourgeoisie – middle class were top of third estate Included professionals such as ? Bankers, merchants, lawyers & Dr.’s Majority – rural peasants

Abbé Sieyès‘ (theorist of the Revolution) What is the Third Estate? We must ask ourselves three questions. 1. What is the Third State? Everything. 2. What has it been until now in the political order? We must ask ourselves three questions. 1. What is the Third State? Everything. 2. What has it been until now in the political order? Nothing. 3. What does it want to be? Something.... Nothing. 3. What does it want to be? Something....

Estates General: is the legislative body made up of representatives of the three estates. Estates General: is the legislative body made up of representatives of the three estates. Can only be summoned by the king Can only be summoned by the king Had not been called for 175 years Had not been called for 175 years Each estate had 1 vote (unfair as far as population distribution) Each estate had 1 vote (unfair as far as population distribution)

Another cause: Economic Crises Severe economic crises Severe economic crises -France was deeply in debt Deficit spending – occurs when a government spends more than they take in National Debt – interest huge

Causes: Economic Crises (copy) Lavish Spending by previous monarchs Lavish Spending by previous monarchs –Louis XV (War of the Austrian Succession) –Louis XIV Three major wars Three major wars Chateau de Versailles Chateau de Versailles

Causes: Economic Crises (copy)  Bad Harvests Food prices soared Brought widespread famine to peasants Population growth  Lavish spending at court  Financing wars including -The Seven Years War (France lost) -The Seven Years War (France lost) -The American Revolution -The American Revolution

Economic Reform Jacques Necker: financial advisor appointed by the king appointed by the king –Reduce extravagant spending –Tax the First and second Estates –Dismissed –King failed to institute reforms –This angered the Third Estate

Jacques Necker

The American Revolution Ideas of the philosophes RousseauMontesquieuVoltaire

Enlightenment Ideas Equality and justice for all Equality and justice for all Governments power comes from the people Governments power comes from the people People have natural rights to life, liberty and property People have natural rights to life, liberty and property Separation of powers Separation of powers Checks and balances Checks and balances

The American Revolution Cost of financing the Americans Cost of financing the Americans Enlightenment ideas successfully implemented Enlightenment ideas successfully implemented Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence

Cahiers: notebooks used to list grievances of the Three Estates Cahiers: notebooks used to list grievances of the Three Estates

The Tennis Court Oath (3 rd Estate leaves the Estate General and French Revolution begins)