Book ‘M’ Chapter 5, Section 2

 The total potential and kinetic energy of particles in an object  Examples ◦ Lava: high thermal energy due to high amount of Kinetic energy ◦ Ice cream: low thermal energy due to low amount of kinetic energy

 The energy of electric charges  Moving electric energy is kinetic energy  Stored electric energy is potential energy  Examples: lightning, handheld games, and radios

 Potential energy stored in the chemical bonds that hold chemical compounds together.  Examples: foods, matches, cell or your bodies  When chemical bonds are broken chemical energy is released.

 Type of potential energy  Stored in the nucleus of an atom  Released during a nuclear reaction  Two types: ◦ Fission: splitting of nuclei  Nuclear power plants ◦ Fusion: join together of nuclei  Sun

 Wave with electrical and magnetic properties  Examples: microwaves, X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation, and radio waves

Book M, Chapter 5, Section 3 ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS AND CONSERVATION

Energy Transformations A change from one form of energy to another Single Transformations: One form of energy being transformed into another to get work done. Example: toaster transforms electrical into thermal to toast your bread

Energy Transformations Continue Multiple Transformations: A series of energy transformation to do work Example: the mechanical energy used to strike a match is transformed first to thermal energy. The thermal energy cause the particles in the match to release stored chemical energy, which is transformed to thermal energy and the electromagnetic energy you see as light. Mechanical --- thermal---chemical---thermal and electromagnetic

Transformations between potential and kinetic energy Energy transformation in juggling: As a juggling ball rises it velocity decrease, thus kinetic energy decrease As the ball rises the potential energy increase because of the increase in height At the highest point in the path of juggling the ball motion has stop, thus is no KE but all the energy is PE As PE increase KE will always decrease, like wise the as KE increase the PE will decrease

Energy transformation in juggling

Energy transformation in a pendulum

Energy Transformation in a Pole Vault

Conservation of Energy Law of conservation of energy: when one form of energy is transformed to another, no energy is destroyed in the process ENERGY CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Energy and Friction When a moving object experiences friction some kinetic energy is transferred into thermal energy. Example: warming hands

Energy and Matter Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space Einstein discovered that matter can be transformed to energy Energy and matter together are always conserved