11/18/20151 Daily Food for Thought List the Basic Trace of Food through the Digestive System

Basic Organization Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Anus

Learning Target: I can list the parts of the monogastric digestive system and describe the functions of each. 11/18/20153

4 Digestion is the process by which large, complex nutrient molecules are broken down into simpler molecules capable of being used by the organism for food.

Different Digestive Systems The three different types of digestive systems are: Monogastric Pseudo-Ruminant or Modified Monogastric Ruminant 11/18/20155

6 Humans, swine, and dogs all have a simple stomach, which is also known as a monogastric digestive system.

Monogastric Carnivores and omnivores have monogastric digestive systems. Monogastric systems have a simple stomach structure and only one compartment. Some animals with monogastric digestive systems are pigs and dogs. Humans also have monogastric digestive systems. 11/18/20157

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Structures in Mouth Lips Teeth Tongue Salivary glands

Monogastric Teeth Function: Mechanically reduce particle size Increase surface area Four types: Incisors are used for cutting Canine (fangs, eye teeth, tusks) are tearing teeth Premolars and molars (cheek teeth) grind the food

Monogastric Tongue Function: Comprised of three muscles Maneuvers food in the mouth Moves feed to teeth for grinding and to the back of the mouth for swallowing Can distinguish between feed and toxins by papillae or taste buds

Monogastric Salivary Glands Types of Glands: Parotid Sublingual Mandibular Zygomatic

Functions of Saliva Moisten feed (salt and water) Lubrication (aids swallowing) Starch and(or) lipid digestion (amylase and(or) lipase) Volume of saliva L/d man and pig L/d horse

Deglutition (Swallowing) Reflex initiated by presence of food in pharnyx Propulsion of food to stomach by esophageal peristalsis

Digestive System Mouth: “Prehension” tool (grasps food) Salivary glands secrete juices containing enzymes (digest food) Chewing food breaks down Esophagus: muscular tube that connects mouth to stomach Peristaltic Movement: sequential contraction of ringlike muscles Reverse Peristalsis = vomiting

Gastric Digestion Functions – Reservoir for controlled release of digesta to small intestine – Mixing food – Mechanical breakdown of feed – Hydrolytic digestion by acid and enzymes Mainly protein – Kill bacteria

11/18/ Parts and functions of the monogastric mammal digestive system continued… Small Intestine -enzymatic digestion and absorption -Functions of the small intestine: digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; absorption of the end products of digestion 1. duodenum - most digestion occurs here 2. jejunum - some digestion and some absorption occur 3. ileum - mostly absorption - Bile - made in liver, stored in gall bladder, active in the small intestine, emulsifies fat to aid in digestion

Enhanced Surface Area for Increased Nutrient Absorption Intestinal villi

Digestive System Accessory organs: Pancreas secretes enzymes to break down fat Liver (largest internal organ) and gall bladder which secretes bile, which digests fats also stores iron

Large Intestine Composed of three segments – Cecum – Colon – Rectum Function – Fermentative digestion No enzyme secretion Relies on microbes or secretions washed out of the SI – Absorption of remaining water, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from microbial fermentation and minerals – Digesta storage Degree of development is species dependent

Monogastric Large Intestine Function: Absorption of liquid Mass movements move fecal matter to anus Usually only a few times a day Associated with defecation

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Different Digestive Systems The three different types of digestive systems are: 11/18/201523

11/18/ Digestion is the process by which large, ________________ molecules are broken down into simpler molecules capable of being used by the organism for food.

11/18/ Humans,________, rabbits, _________and horses all have a simple stomach, which is also known as a _______________digestive system.

Monogastric _________and omnivores have monogastric digestive systems. Monogastric systems have a simple stomach structure and only ______ compartment. Some animals with monogastric digestive systems are pigs and dogs. _______ also have monogastric digestive systems. 11/18/201526

11/18/ Parts and functions of the monogastric mammal digestive system continued… Small Intestine -enzymatic digestion and absorption -Functions of the small intestine: digestion of ____________, carbohydrates, and_______; absorption of the end products of digestion 1. duodenum -______________________ 2. ________- some digestion and some absorption occur 3. ileum -_________________________ - Bile - made in liver, stored in gall bladder, active in the small intestine, ___________________to aid in digestion.

Large Intestine Composed of three segments – ______________ Function – ________________ digestion No enzyme secretion Relies on microbes or secretions washed out of the SI – ______________ of remaining water, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from microbial fermentation and minerals – Digesta storage