Matter and its Phases

Matter Is anything that takes up space and has mass. Volume – Measure of the space an object occupies Mass – Measure of the amount of matter an object contains

Phases of Matter Matter can exist in 4 phases – Solid, Liquid, Gas and Plasma –Only the 1 st three are common on Earth. Some substances exist in all three states here on earth.

Phase Change Matter can change from one phase to another. This is called a Phase ChangePhase Change

Phase Changes The amount of energy in any particular piece of matter can change. A big enough change in energy causes a phase change. Solids Liquids Gases There are different names for each of the phase changes.phase changes Add EnergyAdd Energy

Phase Changes Melting- change from a solid to a liquid Vaporization – change from liquid to gas. –Boiling –Evaporation Condensation- change from a gas to a liquid. Freezing – change from a liquid to a solid. Sublimation – change from a solid to a gas Deposition – change from gas to solid

Vaporization Difference between boiling and evaporation –Evaporation – happens at the surface – usually due to sun’s energy. –Boiling happens within the liquid. Inside of liquid changes to a gas, this is why there are bubbles.

Energy of the States In order to understand phase changes we need to understand the characteristics of each phase. Each of the phases of matter has different characteristics. One of the major differences is the difference in the amount of energy that the particles in each phase posses.energy

Phase Changes Decrease- –Condensation –Freezing –Deposition Increase- –Melting –Sublimation –Evaporation –Boiling Phase Changes are Caused by either an increase or decrease in energy.

Phase Change Points Each substance has a temperature that it changes phase at. –Different for all substances! –For example, freezing point for water is 0ºC. The freezing point for gold is approximately 1064ºC. boiling point, freezing point, melting point, condensation point all do not change if you have more or less of the substance.