Medio temporal lobe atrophy Lateral Temporal lobe atrophy

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Presentation transcript:

Medio temporal lobe atrophy Lateral Temporal lobe atrophy Alzheimer’s disease vs. Semantic Dementia (episodic deficit vs. semantic deficit) Alzheimer’s Medio temporal lobe atrophy Semantic Dementia Lateral Temporal lobe atrophy Graham et al. 2000

semantic task Task: Name this object Correct answer: ‘phone’. Alzheimer’s disease Semantic dementia Task: Name this object Correct answer: ‘phone’.

Episodic Memory task: perceptually identical - See object - 30’ delay Task: Which object did you see 30 minutes ago? Possible Correct answers: - ‘I saw a phone’ - ‘ I saw this item in the left’

Episodic Memory task: perceptually different See object 30 min delay Task: Which object type did you see 30 minutes ago? Correct answer: - ‘I saw a phone’

Episodic Memory: Results Alzheimer’s disease Semantic dementia Perceptually Identical Perceptually different Semantic Dementia patients OK if perceptually identical items - Spared Episodic memory Impaired if perceptually different items - Impaired semantic memory (doesn’t know that the two different looking phones belong to the same category ‘phone’) Alzheimer’s patients Impaired, even if perceptually identical Impaired Episodic memory.

Summary: Dissociation between semantic and episodic memory Results suggest separate systems for: Encoding episodic memory: Mediotemporal lobe (hippocampus) Storage of semantic memory: Lateral-temporal lobe Additional support the dissociation: 4 patients with selective hippocampal damage who all show impaired episodic but intact semantic memory (Vargha-Khadem, 1997) Note: all sustained hippocampal damage early in life, so does not necessarily generalize to adult brain.

Does the hippocampus have a time-limited role in memory consolidation? Temporal Gradient: In amnesic patients (hippocampal lesion, such as HM, Alzheimer’s disease), memories from earlier in life are easier to remember than more recent memories Reverse Temporal Gradient In semantic dementia patients (lateral temporal lobe atrophy), recent memories are easier to remember than more distant ones Possible interpretation: Recent memories ‘live’ in hippocampus, thus are spared in semantic dementia Distant memories ‘live’ in neocortex, thus are spared in HM Caveat: fMRI data is inconclusive on whether distant memories trigger less hippocampus activation than recent ones

Spare slides

From Patterson, 2007, NatNeuroRev

From Patterson, 2007, NatNeuroRev

From Patterson, 2007, NatNeuroRev

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