Group 4 3-C Marcelo, Pamela – Mendoza, Gracielle

Interpret a (+)HBeAg, anti-HBcAg, and/or anti-HCV test. Indicates that virus is replicating & the infected individual has high levels of HBV (+) anti-HBcAg Indicates previous or ongoing infection with HBV (+)anti-HCV test Indicates past or present HCV infection

Laboratory Exams for Muscle Weakness Associated Causes of Primary Muscle Weakness Electrolyte Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia Adrenal Insufficiency Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Enzyme Studies Elevated transaminases and GGT Creatine Kinase Elevated Normal to Elevated Alcohol Dermatomyositis, Inclusion body myositis, Polymyositis, Becker Muscular Dystrophy Alcohol, Hyperthyroidism, Rheumatoid Arthritis, SLE Aaron Saguil..Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacom a, Washington. Vol 71. no 7. 2005. American Family Physician Website www.aafp.org/afp

ACTH assay, ACTH stimulation test Hormone Studies ACTH assay, ACTH stimulation test Urine free cortisol, dexamethasone suppression test, CRH stimulation test Elevated T3, T4, Elevated TSH Adrenal insufficiency Glucocorticoid excess Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Serologic Tests (+) ANA Anti- DNA, depressed C3 and C4 elevated RF factor Dermatomyositis, Polymyositis SLE Rheumatoid arthritis CBC, RBC indices --> Anemia Decreased Vitamin B12 Alcohol Elevated Myoglobin Dermatomyositis, Inclusion body myositis, Polymyositis Aaron Saguil..Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacom a, Washington. Vol 71. no 7. 2005. American Family Physician Website www.aafp.org/afp

1990 Criteria For the Classification of Polyarteritis Nodosa (at least 3) 1. Weight loss of 4 kg or more 2. Livedo reticularis 3. Testicular pain or tenderness 4. Myalgias, weakness or leg tenderness 5. Mononeuropathy or polyneuropathy 6. Diastolic BP >90 mm Hg 7. Elevated BUN or creatinine 8. Hepatitis B virus 9. Arteriographic abnormality 10. Histologic changes in biopsy of small or medium-sized artery containing PMN American College of Rheumatology . 1990 Criteria For the Classification of Polyarteritis Nodosa . Retrieved Aug 25, 2009 from http://www.rheumatology.org/publications/classification/polyart.asp .

Negligible side effects Interferon DRUG SIDE EFFECT Lamivudine Negligible side effects Interferon Flu like symptoms, marrow suppression, autoimmune reactions (autoimmune thyroiditis) and others such as alopecia, rashes diarrhea and numbness and tingling of extremities Adefovir Increased creatinine, hematuria, Weakness, headache, fever, cough, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea Pegylated Interferon flu-like syndrome, headache, fatigue, myalgia and local reaction at the injection site Entacavir Rashes Harrison’s Principles of Medicine 17th ed. The safety of pegylated interferon alpha-2b in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: predictive factors for dose reduction and treatment discontinuation, M. van Zonneveld, et al. http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm175773.htm