Biotechnology Plant and Soil Science Plant Science Technology Lesson 1 & 2

What Is Biotechnology? Any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific uses

Biotech Terms Genetics – the biology of heredity Heredity – the transmission of characteristics from an organism to its offspring through genes in reproductive cells. Genes – components of cells which determine the individual characteristics of living things Generation – refers to offspring of common parents Progeny – offspring Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) – coded information in a cell that determines what that cell and its successive cells will be become.

Biotech Terms cont. Clone – exact duplicate of something Genetic engineering – movement of genetic information in the form of genes from one cell to another. Mapping / Gene Mapping – identifying and recording the location of a specific gene on a chromosome. Gene Splicing / Recombinant DNA Technology – process of removing and inserting genes into DNA.

Gregor Johann Mendel

Historic Biotech Applications Yeast – make bread rise Bacteria – ferment sauerkraut produce cheese(s) other dairy products Microorganisms – transform fruit and grains into alcoholic beverages

Historic Biotech Applications Silage green grasses and grains have been stored in air-tight spaces and containers, such as silos, where bacteria convert sugars and starches in acids. These acids provide a desirable taste and protect the feed from spoilage by other microorganisms

Pairs of Strands

Double Helix

Create Duplicate Strands

Plant Genetic Engineering

Human Insulin Production