CHAPTER 17 AMERICA AND WWII
Pearl Harbor “A date which will live in infamy” -- FDR
USS Arizona today
“I never wanted to fight this war on two fronts. We haven’t got the Navy to fight in both the Atlantic and Pacific…” FDR to Eleanor Western Front Fighting Japan Eastern Front Fighting Germany
“Double V” campaign (for A-Americans) 2 “V”ictories At home = stop racism Abroad = stop Hitler’s racism
Tuskegee Airmen 1 st African-American air force Flew in over 200 missions and never lost a member! First black American General in the Air Force!
Japanese Americans Not allowed to serve at first Most decorated units in U.S. military! Native Americans serve fiercely! Navajo Code Talkers
GO GIRL! Women in the war Most women did clerical work Made men available for combat WASPs – women pilots / 300
Turning point in the war! Both Hitler and Stalin were fervent on winning because of the name of the city Finally in Jan Nazis surrender
What? Invade France Who? General Eisenhower commander America, Britain, and Canada When? Setting the date was tricky! June 6, 1944 (D-Day) Where? Beaches of Normandy, FR Why? Because we’re trying to beat Germany!
UTAH OMAHA GOLD SWORD JUNO PAGE 585 Blue = American Red = British Yellow = Canadian
“Full Victory – Nothing Else” - Gen. Eisenhower The Italian Campaign and D- Day were the beginning of the end
December 1944 Belgium Last German Offensive
Yalta Conference February 1945 Met at Yalta in Southern Russia (Ukraine) The “Big Three” Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin Agreed to Have Russia attack Japan after Germ. surrender Divide Germany into zones after war Allow free elections in Eastern Europe
Victory in Europe Day May 8, 1945 Hitler commits suicide April 30, 1945
President Harry S Truman Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) dies on April 12, 1945 FDR at Yalta Feb Conference between the “Big Three”
Okinawa Moving from island to island in the Pacific. Trying to get close to Japan
Bataan Death March Part of the Battle of Philippines Japanese win P.O.W.s forced to march 65 miles Beaten, murdered, starved, forced to walk 5 days straight with only a sip of water, … you name it, they did it. War crimes trial A huge reason why WWII vets hate Japanese
First invaded Guadalcanal (Aug 1942) Then, went on to fight at Leyte Gulf (lay-tee) in the Philippines – take it back after Death March Largest naval battle in history “People of Philippines, I have returned…” Leyte Gulf Japan
Focusing on Japan Firebombing Japan March - June 1945 Napalm – jellied gasoline civilians 67 cities 80,000 dead
November 1944 Close enough to bomb Japan more efficiently April miles from Japan! OKINAWA
“Divine Wind” Suicide attacks
Manhattan Project J. Robert Oppenheimer Developing the atomic bomb
Hiroshima and Nagasaki Enola Gay drops “Little Boy” on Hiroshima 4 sq mi flattened killed instantly 40,000 in Nagasaki Emperor intervened
Victory in Japan Day August 15, 1945
Nuremberg Trials 22 leaders of Nazi Germany prosecuted 12 sentenced to death Similar trials held in Japan 25 Japanese Leaders Not the Emperor