Ancient Greece.

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Presentation transcript:

Ancient Greece

Geography of Greece

Geography of Greece Mountainous & islands Caused isolation Didn’t create large empire Developed city-states (polis) w/ different styles of gov’t Caused wars

Greek City-States Athens Sparta Women did not go to school Democracy Choose council members Valued education Only wealthy boys could get an education Women have more rights – men fighting Military training from 7 – 60 years old Valued strength, duty, discipline Military supremacy Had slaves (tried to revolt) Several gov’t branches Simple lifestyle (bad food) Shared Culture Battled Persia Military training Polis Social classes Greek City-States

Athens & Sparta 499 BCE – 449 BCE: Fight together in Greco-Persian War (Xerxes, “300” – Thermopylae, Salamis) 431-404 BCE: Fight each other in Peloponnesian War (Athens loses)

Practiced in Mycenae by 2000 B. C Practiced in Mycenae by 2000 B.C. State ruled by a king Rule was hereditary Some rulers claimed divine right Rule of the Kings

700-600 B.C. hoplite – citizen soldier of a polis free citizen; responsible for purchasing his own armor & weapon promoted equality among soldiers battle tactic: phalanx Hoplite Army

700 – 500 B.C. City-states established new city-states around Mediterranean (400+) relived overpopulation spread Greek culture created commercial networks & sources of new wealth Colonization

Powerful individuals seized control of gov’t Tyrant – leader who worked for the interest of the ordinary people (photo to left: Periander, tyrant of Corinth) Rise of Tyrants

Hoplite power grew Tyrants were rejected Democracies developed (males who participated in army could take part) Oligarchies developed (wealthiest males controlled government) (photo to left: Acropolis in Athens) Democracy & Oligarchy

Navy important in some city-states Ships powered by rowers Naval power grew & poor men who served as rowers demanded same political rights as hoplites. Democracy expanded to include all male citizens Triremes

Greek Religion Polytheistic Gods: Zeus – ruler of the gods Hera – Zeus’ wife Athena – Zeus’ daughter, goddess of wisdom Lived on Mount Olympus Mythology – stories about gods told to explain the natural world or the customs/beliefs of a society Medusa Heracles

Greek Philosophers: Socrates Philosopher – thinker who uses logic & wisdom Question everything Socratic method: like a teacher-student discussion, led by questioning Accused & tried for corrupting Athens’ youth

Greek Philosophers: Plato Student of Socrates Wrote down conversations of Socrates Wrote The Republic Correct form of gov’t: Rule by philosophers

Greek Philosophers: Aristotle Pupil of Plato Used a method for arguing based on logic – basis for our scientific method Teacher to Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great From Macedonia (city-state in N. Greece) 356 – 323 BCE Conquers all of Greece, Persia, & invades India Hellenistic Culture – blend of Greek, Persian, Indian, and Egyptian customs & beliefs