 “The collective term for various forms of diseases of the heart and blood vessels.”  Examples?  Heart attack, coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, congestive heart failure, angina

 Atrial fibrillation  Irregular atrial rhythm  Usually treated with medications  Arrhythmia  Irregular heartbeat  Usually treated with medications  Valve problems:  Stenosis  Incomplete closure  Prolapse  Heart failure  Myocardial infarction

 Accounts for more than one-third of all U.S. deaths.  More than 1 of 3 U.S. adults currently lives with one or more types of CVD. (CDC, 2011)

Oregon.gov, 2010

 Modifiable  High blood pressure  Smoking  Cholesterol  Diabetes  Sedentary lifestyle  Non-modifiable  Age  Sex  Family history Gender

 Hyperlipidemia  Elevated lipids in the blood  Hypercholesterolemia  High cholesterol (LDLs usually)  Not always due to dietary intake

 Hypertension: arteries are narrowed, causes heart to pump harder which creates more force against the artery walls.  “Silent” disease  May cause damage to every organ  Damage is irreversible

 Primary (essential):  90% of all cases  Cause is unknown – probably genetics and environment.  Secondary  10% of cases  Cause is due to medications or other diseases.  Approx. 1/3 of Americans have hypertension.  Risk increases with age.

 If left untreated, carries high mortality risk.  Risk factors:  Family history, race, stress, obesity, tobacco use, aging, high sodium intake  Complications:  Stroke, heart attack, heart failure, hypertensive retinopathy, renal failure

 Chest discomfort  Discomfort in arms, neck, jaw, stomach  Short of breath  Cold sweat  Nausea, vomiting  Lightheadedness, dizziness  Differences between men and women? 

Source:

 ~700,000 Americans suffer a stroke every year. 1/3 will die.  Strokes may cause permanent damage  Paralysis, speech impairment, memory loss, behavior changes.

Oregon,gov, 2010

 Sudden numbness/weakness of face, arm, leg – especially on one side.  Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding.  Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes.  Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance/coordination  Sudden severe headache with no known cause.  3 statement test  “Give me a smile”, “Hold out your arms”, “Say this for me”

 TIA – “ministroke”  Temporary stroke like symptoms  Brief, usually only last a few minutes  No permanent damage occurs  Can be a precursor to a stroke.

 How sodium fits into the picture  Recommended amounts

 Lifestyle modifications….