By Alexis S. Ryanne G. Ciena C. Skeletal System By Alexis S. Ryanne G. Ciena C.

What is the Skeletal System? Your Skeletal system is all of the bones in the body and the tissues such as tendons, ligaments and cartilage that connect them. Your teeth are also considered part of your skeletal system but they are not counted as bones The skeleton is divided into two groups: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton

What It Does For Us Support The main job of the skeleton is to provide support for our body It’s strong but light Without it you would have no structure in your body

Continued~ Protection Also helps to protect internal organs and fragile body tissues Skull protects your brain and eyes Ribs protect your heart, lungs and spinal cord Vertebrae protects your spinal cord

Continued~ Movement Your skeletal system provides the structure for muscles to attach so we are able to move The muscles and bones are held together by tendons, which are tough elastic bands

Built a Little More Complex Our bones don't just work on their own. The bones join together to form joints. The end of each bone is covered by cartilage. The cartilage-coated bone-ends are kept apart by a thin layer of slippery fluid that works kind of like oil in a car. This is so your bones won't scratch and bump against each other when you move. Our bones are held together by ligaments.

It’s Alive Your skeletal system is actually alive Have their own nerves and blood vessels Do various jobs Stores body minerals, specifically calcium Your bones grow and repair themselves

What Is It Made Of? A bone is made up of 3 parts: Compact Bone Spongy Bone Bone Marrow

Compact Bone Compact bone seems very hard when seen by the normal eye, but at a microscopic level, the compact bone is very hollow There are canals which are filled with blood vessels, which then channel through the bone and all join to many major canals called haversian canals These canals make the bone hollow. The compact bone is also rich with nerves. The hardness of the bone is made by mature bone cells

Spongy Bone Is one of the two types of calcium tissue that make up bones in the human body Lighter, softer, and weaker than compact or cortical bone Has a greater surface area Much more vascular/supplied with blood vessels

Bone Marrow There’s red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow Red bone marrow is what makes red blood cells The majority of the red bone marrow for an adult is located in the head of the femur and humerus Yellow bone marrow is stored fat This marrow can sometimes turn in to red bone marrow when a person is very anemic.

Axial Skeleton The axial skeleton, making up 80 of your 206 bones, encompasses all your upper body bones. It itself is subdivided into three groups: the skull, the vertebral-sound column, and the bony thorax- sound. It's main purposes are to protect your vital organs, such as the brain, heart, and lungs, and to provide an efficient structure to preform a variety of work.

The Skull The skull/cranium The most important structure in your skeleton houses your brain Your skull provides the framework for most of your sensory organs Eyes Ears Tongue Nose Your skull is made up of 22 facial bones, plus the three in each ear.

The Backbone A flexible structure made of 26 bones Where all other upper body structures branch Protects the spinal nerve, which is the "highway" that all the information your brain sends to your body travels. The backbone is separated into five regions

The Bony Thorax The bony thorax is basically your chest You have twelve ribs which form the structure for your chest. One primary purpose of your ribs is to protect your lungs and heart. Except for your floating ribs, each rib connects to the sternum by cartilage on the tips. Your top seven ribs are called true ribs because they connect directly to the sternum. The next four ribs are called false ribs because they attach to the sternum so indirectly if at all The last two ribs are called floating ribs because they do not connect to the sternum or any other support on the end.

The Appendicular Skeleton Refers to your arms and legs. The Upper Appendages The main purpose of the arms is to do work. They are lighter and are made to focus on detail. The Hand The carpus, or wrist of the hand, is made of eight small bones in two irregular rows connect with gliding joints. These eight bones give your wrist the flexibility it has. The Lower Appendages The upper and lower appendages are structurally similar The femur is the longest, largest and strongest bone of the body There are many bones in the foot to make it adaptable to irregular terrain * Like the thumb, the big toe has a fairly unique function. Much larger and stronger than the other toes, it supports the weight of our body, especially when we walk. Notice that it is the last part of your foot to leave the ground when you step.

Keeping It Healthy Bones need regular exercise to stay as strong as possible: Walking Jogging Running Ride a bike Basketball Soccer Gymnastics Baseball Dancing Skateboarding

Keep It Safe Strengthen your skeleton by drinking milk and eating other dairy products, ex: Low-fat cheese Frozen yogurt Ice cream They all contain calcium, which helps bones become harder and strong. Make sure you wear or use the proper equipment like a helmet, kneepads, shin guards, mats, knee pads, etc to keep your bones safe

Skeletal System Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGTenIDJBwU