Sectional Balance Undone Ms. Bolognini

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Kansas-Nebraska Act 5 W’s – Who: Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois – What: Nebraska Territory to be spilt into two: Nebraska Territory in the north and Kansas Territory in the south both territories would be given popular sovereignty – Where: Nebraska Territory – When: 1854 – Why: it was a way to deal with the slavery issue by allowing the people to decide (democracy) Congress couldn’t agree because politicians had sectional interests

Bleeding Kansas

Bleeding Kansas 5 W’s – Who: Proslavery Missourians (“border ruffians”) and anti- slavery Free-Staters – What: “border ruffians” rode into Kansas in November, 1854 to vote in the election in support of a pro-slavery government Election result-proslavery government wins – Set up state government in Lecompton Anti-slavery supporters felt that the election was a sham, and held separate elections – Set up state government in Topeka – Where: Kansas Territory – When: November, 1854 – Why: People rushed into Kansas to stuff the ballots to promote their sectional interests (make Kansas slave or free) Acts of violence in Kansas ( pro-slavery activists attacked and ransacked the town of Lawrence, Kansas, which had been founded by anti-slavery settlers= GUERILLA WAR!

Lecompton/ Topeka Constitution Constitution Hall, site of the Lecompton Constitutional Convention

Lecompton/ Topeka Constitutions 5 W’s – Who: pro-slavery and anti-slavery people living in Kansas – What: pro-slavery faction sets up state government in Lecompton Anti-slavery faction holds separate elections and sets up state government in Topkeka – Where: Kansas Territory – When: 1855 constitutions were drafted – Why: Anti-slavery supporters felt that the election was a sham, and held separate elections to create a separate constitution (Topeka)

Sack of Lawrence/ Pottawatomie Massacre

Sack of Lawrence/ Pottawatomie Massacre 5 W’s – Who: pro-slavery activists – What: pro-slavery activists attacked and ransacked the anti-slavery town of Lawrence, Kansas John Brown (abolitionist who believed that God called on him to fight slavery) raided the pro-slavery settlement Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas and killed 5 people spurred guerrilla warfare= “Bleeding Kansas” (200 deaths) – Where: Lawrence, Kansas – When: May 21, 1856 (sacking of Lawrence); May 24 (night)- May 25 (morning) 1856 – Why: John Brown wanted revenge because he heard an incorrect rumor that 5 anti-slavery settlers were killed at the Sack of Lawrence Sectional tensions were spawning warfare

Violence in the Senate Charles SumnerPreston Brooks

Violence in the Senate 5 W’s – Who: Charles Sumner and Preston Brooks – What: Charles Sumner (MA) delivered multiple speeches attacking slavery and made fun of Andrew Butler (SC) for his pro- slavery views and his impaired speech (was an old man) Butler’s nephew, Preston Brooks (Rep. SC) walks into the Senate and beats Sumner over the head with this cane – Where: Senate Floor – When: May 22, 1856 – Why: Preston Brooks was defending the honor of both his uncle, Andrew Butler, and the Southern way of life

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Dred Scott Decision 5 W’s Who: Dred Scott and Chief Justice Roger B. Taney What: – Dred Scott sued for his freedom after his master died claiming that since he was brought to a free state (Illinois), he was considered to be free according to the Missouri Compromise – HOLDING: Decision written by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney (hated Republicans and racial equality) that Scott was not considered free – Where: Supreme Court – When: 1857 – Why: blacks were not citizens (free or slaves) so Scott could not sue in federal court