SSWH15 THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO DESCRIBE THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION, THE RISE OF NATIONALISM, & THE MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF WORLDWIDE IMPERIALISM

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGINS: BEGAN IN BRITAIN (1700S-1800S) LONG, SLOW PROCESS PRODUCTION SHIFTS FROM SIMPLE HAND TOOLS TO COMPLEX MACHINES SPREAD FROM BRITAIN T OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD RURAL TO URBAN

INDUSTRIALIZATION NEEDS: 1. NATURAL RESOURCES (COAL, WATER, IRON ORE, RIVERS, HARBORS) 2. CAPITAL (MONEY) 3. STABLE GOVERNMENT & ECONOMY 4. LABOR *NEW INVENTIONS INCREASE HARVESTS * FOOD SURPLUS= IN POPULATION= * DEMAND FOR PRODUCTS *WEALTHY BUY FARMS, SO FARMERS FORCEDTO MOVE INTO CITIES

TEXTILE INDUSTRY: FIRST AREA OF PRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIALIZE INVOLVES EVERYTHING NEEDED TO MAKE CLOTH

INVENTIONS DRIVE INDUSTRY: PRE-INDUSTRY:PRODUCTION:POST-INDUSTRY: Hand processingCotton/WoolCotton Gin (Eli Whitney) Spinning WheelThreadWaterframe (Richard Arkwright) Hand LoomClothPowerloom

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN BRITAIN: NATURAL RESOURCES: PORTS, RIVERS, COAL, IRON SKILLED MERCHANT CLASS POPULATION EXPLOSION, DEMAND FOR GOODS MONEY: SLAVE TRADE BROUGHT IN MONEY TO INVEST STABLE GOVERNMENT STRONG NAVY

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN GERMANY: LATE 1800S: EMERGED AS INDUSTRIAL KING OF EUROPE IRON & COAL RESOURCES DISCIPLINED WORKFORCE INCREASE IN POPULATION STABLE GOVERNMENT WITH UNIFICATION; SUPPORTED RESEARCH & SCIENCE

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN GERMANY: OTTO VON BISMARCK: CHANCELLOR OF GERMANY CRUSHED ANY OPPOSITION TO GERMAN UNIFICATION HATED SOCIALISM; SOUGHT TO ELIMINATE SOCIALIST PARTY IN GERMANY OFFERED HEALTH, ACCIDENT, & OLD-AGE INSURANCE; BECAME MODEL FOR SOCIAL REFORM CREATED GERMAN NATIONALISM

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN JAPAN: OVERCAME LACK OF NATURAL RESOURCES ADOPTED WESTERN METHODS BUILT FACTORIES THEN SOLD TO WEALTHY BUSINESS FAMILIES WHO DEVELOPED THEM FURTHER SILK, SHIPYARDS, COPPER, COAL, STEEL INCREASE IN POPULATION; MOVED TO CITIES

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN JAPAN: EMPEROR MEIJI RULE IS KNOWN AS THE MEIJI RESTORATION MADE INDUSTRIALIZATION A PRIORITY CREATED BANKING SYSTEM, BUILT RAILROADS, POSTAL SYSTEM, IMPROVED PORTS SET UP SCHOOLS/UNIVERSITIES (WESTERNERS WERE HIRED TO TEACH) MADE JAPAN A VERY POWERFUL, INDUSTRIALIZED NATION

URBANIZATION: MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE TO CITIES POOR SANITATION & HOUSING POVERTY, HARSH LIVING CONDITIONS NEW SOCIAL CLASSES CREATED **WEALTHY *MIDDLE *WORKING *POOR

14 HOUR WORKDAY NO SAFETY REGULATIONS LITTLE/NO BREAKS EXTENSIVE CHILD LABOR WORKING CONDITIONS :

SOCIAL CLASSES: WORKING CLASS: FACTORY WORKERS MOST IN POVERTY WOMEN FORCED TO WORK B/C HUSBANDS MADE LOW WAGES THAT COULD NOT SUPPORT THE FAMILY

SOCIAL CLASSES: MIDDLE CLASS: FACTORY OWNERS & MERCHANTS WOMEN DID NOT WORK BUT STAYED HOME TO RAISE THE CHILDREN SOURCE OF PRIDE FOR MIDDLE-CLASS MEN MACHINES REPLACE MANY JOBS

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POLITICAL REFORMS: CAPITALISM: *ECONOMIC SYSTEM THAT FLOURISHED DURING IND. REV. * FOCUSED ON INDIVIDUALS OPENING A BUSINESS WITH A GOAL OF MAKING A PROFIT *BIG RICH-POOR GAP *INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS ADAM SMITH: *AUTHOR OF THE WEALTH OF NATIONS *FREE MARKET (EXCHANGE OF GOODS & SERVICES) SHOULD HELP EVERYONE, NOT JUST RICH *SUPPORTER OF LAISSEZ FAIRE (“HANDS OFF”)

POLITICAL REFORMS: SOCIALISM: *PEOPLE AS A WHOLE WOULD OWN/OPERATE PRODUCTION RATHER THAN INDIVIDUALS *WANTED TO END POVERTY & INJUSTICE *GREW OUT OF ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS COMMUNISM: *GOVERNMENTS LED BY A SMALL ELITE CONTROL ALL ECONOMIC & POLITICAL LIFE *NO SOCIAL CLASSES EXIST *NO PRIVATE PROPERTY *MONEY SHOULD BE EQUALLY DISTRIBUTED

KARL MARX: WROTE THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO OPPONENT OF CAPITALISM POWER STRUGGLE BETWEEN CLASSES WEALTH & POWER WOULD BE EQUALLY SHARED

IMPERIALISM ( ): STRONG NATION DOMINATES WEAKER NATION POLITICALLY, SOCIALLY, & ECONOMICALLY CREATED BY INDUSTRIALIZATION & NEW ADVANCES WESTERN NATIONS WANTED TO DOMINATE THE WORLD NEW ECONOMIC & MILITARY POWER ENCOURAGED AGGRESSIVE EXPANSION

REASONS: 1. RAW MATERIALS 2. PLACE TO SELL GOODS 3. RELIGION 4. SOCIAL DARWINISM

SOCIAL DARWINISM: “SCIENTIFIC RACISM” BELIEF THAT EUROPEAN RACES WERE SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHERS & IMPERIAL DOMINATION OF WEAKER RACES WAS PART OF IMPROVING HUMAN SPECIES INVENTIONS ENCOURAGED EXPANSION (MACHINE GUNS, STEAMBOATS, RAILROADS) “WHITE MAN’S BURDEN”

IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA: “SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA;” COMPLETE DISREGARD FOR ETHNIC/LINGUISTIC GROUPS WHEN DRAWING NEW BORDERS BRITAIN: CONTROLLED AREAS WITH LARGEST POPULATION & RICH RESOURCES (DIAMONDS, GOLD, SALT, RUBBER, SLAVES) SET UP NEW CONSTITUTION IN SOUTH AFRICA RAN BY WHITES THAT CAUSED RACIAL SEGREGATION UNTIL 1993

IMPERIALISM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: FRANCE TOOK OVER PRESENT-DAY VIETNAM TRIED TO CONVERT POPULATION TO CHRISTIANITY; NATIVES BEGAN TO KILL CONVERTS & MISSIONARIES FRENCH PUT DOWN REBELLION, TOOK OVER VIETNAM, LAOS, & CAMBODIA (BECAME KNOWN AS FRENCH INDOCHINA)

JAPANESE IMPERIALISM: DUE TO LACK OF NATURAL RESOURCES, JAPAN CREATED A STRONG AMBITION TO BUILD AN EMPIRE MODERN ARMY & NAVY FORCED KOREA INTO TRADE SINO-JAPANESE WAR: JAPAN BEATS CHINA; OPENS PORTS IN CHINA & TAIWAN

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR: 1904 FOUGHT BETWEEN RUSSIA & JAPAN FIGHTING TO CONTROL KOREA & MANCHURIA 1 ST TIME IN MODERN HISTORY THAT AN ASIAN NATION HAD BEATEN A EUROPEAN NATION

INDUSTRIAL-ERA CONFLICTS: BOXER REBELLION: CHINESE UPSET AT EUROPEAN INFLUENCE BEGAN ATTACKING FOREIGNERS IN RESPONSE, WESTERNERS & JAPAN UNITE & CRUSH REBELLION INCREASED WESTERN CONTROL IN CHINA YOUNG TURKS: LIBERAL GROUP IN OTTOMAN EMPIRE THAT WANTED REFORM 1908: OVERTHREW THE SULTAN WORLD WAR 1 BEGAN BEFORE THEY COULD MAKE ANY REFORMS TO EMPIRE