Chemistry, Chapters 3 Unit 2: Atomic Structure and Configuration

Unit Objectives  Be able to describe Dalton’s atomic theory.  Be able to describe how Thompson, Rutherford and Bohr’s model of the atom and discoveries lead to the modern atomic theory  Be able to describe Rutherford’s “gold foil” experiment.  Be able to describe atoms in terms of their components: protons, neutrons and electrons.  Be able to describe and relate to Dalton’s theory the laws of conservation of matter, constant composition, and multiple proportions.  Be able to determine the electron configuration of the first twenty elements of the periodic table.  Standards 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4

Key Vocabulary  Atomic mass  Atomic theory  Avogradro’s constatn  Law of definite proportion  Law of multiple proportions  Mole  Alpha particle  Anode  Atomic number  Cathode  Coulomb’s law  Electron, neutron, proton  Isotope, Radioisotope  Mass Number  Electromagnetic spectrum  Electron configuration  Excited state  Ground state  Hund’s rule  Line-emission spectrum  Orbital  Pauli exclusion principle  Quantum number  Aufbau principle

Question of the Day  What is atomic theory?

Atomic Theory  Law of Definite Proportions  Law of Conservation of Mass  Law of Multiple Proportions  Dalton’s Atomic Theory  Atomic Mass  Mole and Avogadro’s Constant

Internal Structure of Atoms  Subatomic Particles  Nucleus  Atomic Number  Mass Number  Coulomb’s law  Isotopes

Electron Configuration  Electromagnetic Spectrum  Line-emission spectrum  Bohr: ground and excited state  Quantum Number  n can be values 1-7 (higher the number, furthest from nucleus)  l can be values 0 to n-1. (0=s orbital, 1=p orbital, 2=d orbital, 3=f orbital)  m can be values based upon l  l and m designate shapes and orientation of orbitals.  Pauli exclusion principle  Aufbau Principle  Hund’s rule