Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Frederic H. Martini PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Chapter 14, part 3 The Brain and Cranial Nerves
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 14-8 The Limbic System
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Amygdaloid body Cingulated gyrus Parahippocampal gyrus Hippocampus Fornix Functions of the limbic system involved emotions and behavioral drives The limbic system or motivational system includes
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure The Limbic System Figure 14.13
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure The Brain in Section Figure 14.14a
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure The Brain in Section Figure 14.14b
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 14-9 The Cerebrum
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Surface contains gyri and sulci or fissures Longitudinal fissure separates two cerebral hemispheres Central sulcus separates frontal and parietal lobes Temporal and occipital lobes also bounded by sulci The cerebral cortex
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Contains association fibers Commissural fibers Projection fibers White matter of the cerebrum
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure The White Matter of the Cerebrum Figure 14.15
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Caudate nucleus Globus pallidus Putamen Control muscle tone and coordinate learned movement patterns The basal nuclei
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Motor and sensory areas of the cortex Primary motor cortex of the precentral gyrus directs voluntary movements Primary sensory cortex of the postcentral gyrus receives somatic sensory information Touch Pressure Pain Taste Temperature
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure The Cerebral Hemispheres PLAY Figure 14.17
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Control our ability to understand sensory information and coordinate a response Somatic sensory association area Visual association area Somatic motor association area Association areas
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings General interpretive area Receives information from all sensory areas Present only in left hemisphere Speech center Regulates patterns of breathing and vocalization general interpretive and speech areas
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Prefrontal cortex Coordinates information from secondary and special association areas Performs abstract intellectual functions Hemispheric differences Left hemisphere typically contains general interpretive and speech centers and is responsible for language based skills Right hemisphere is typically responsible for spatial relationships and analyses cortex functions and hemispheric differences
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Hemispheric Lateralization PLAY Figure 14.18
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Measures brain activity Alpha waves = healthy resting adult Beta waves = concentrating adult Theta waves = normal children Delta waves = normal during sleep Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Brain Waves PLAY Figure 14.19a-d
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 12 pairs of cranial nerves Each attaches to the ventrolateral surface of the brainstem near the associated sensory or motor nuclei Focus: Cranial Nerves
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Origins of the Cranial Nerves PLAY Figure 14.20a
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Origins of the Cranial Nerves PLAY Figure 14.20b
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure Origins of the Cranial Nerves PLAY Figure 14.20c