3.2 Cell Organelles KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.

3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure.

3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton has many functions.

3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton has many functions. – –supports and shapes cell

3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton has many functions. – –supports and shapes cell – –helps position and transport organelles

3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton has many functions. – –supports and shapes cell – –helps position and transport organelles – –provides strength

3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton has many functions. – –supports and shapes cell – –helps position and transport organelles – –provides strength – –assists in cell division

3.2 Cell Organelles Cells have an internal structure. The cytoskeleton has many functions. – –supports and shapes cell – –helps position and transport organelles – –provides strength – –assists in cell division – –aids in cell movement Microtubules and microfiliments Cytosol (cytoplasm) is the fluid, jellylike substance found throughout the cell.

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. The nucleus stores genetic information. The nucleolus makes ribosomes

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. The nucleus stores genetic information. Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. The nucleus stores genetic information. Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. The nucleus stores genetic information. Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – –rough endoplasmic reticulum

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. The nucleus stores genetic information. Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. – –rough endoplasmic reticulum Has ribosomes – –smooth endoplasmic reticulum Can break down lipids and alcohol (lysosomes cannot)

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins.

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) Once a ribsome has linked amino acids to make a protien, the protein travels to the GOLGI APPARATUS (body) The golgi body processes, sorts and delivers protein. (think of a post office)

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins. Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials.

3.2 Cell Organelles Golgi Body in action

3.2 Cell Organelles Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued) Process Review 1) Genes hold instructions for making proteins 2) Nucleolus makes a ribosome 3) Ribosome makes protein & travels through rough ER 4) Golgi Body packages the protein into a vesicle and exports them

3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions.

3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.

3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.

3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.

3.2 Cell Organelles Other organelles have various functions. Mitochondria supply energy to the cell. Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials. Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material. Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes. – –Centrioles help divide DNA. – –Centrioles form cilia and flagella.

3.2 Cell Organelles Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.

3.2 Cell Organelles Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. A cell wall provides rigid support.

3.2 Cell Organelles Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. A cell wall provides rigid support. Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy. Perform photosynthesis (plants) CO2 + H20 + sunlight  Sugar + O2 Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight & converts it into glucose (sugar)

3.2 Cell Organelles Endosymbiosis Theory: Chloroplast & mitochondria were free-living organisms Both were engulfed by a larger predator cell Both gave the larger cell an advantage (make food and energy) Predator cell provided each protection Over time, these cells could not survive without the mitochondria & chloroplast Evidence: Mitochondria & chloroplast contain own DNA, replicate, contain own ribosomes